Soil testing and formula fertilization are based on field trials and soil analysis to determine the specific nutrient needs of crops. By understanding the relationship between crop nutrient requirements, soil nutrient supply, and fertilizer efficiency, this method promotes the balanced application of organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. It outlines the types, quantities, timing, and methods of fertilizer application, ensuring that nutrients are used efficiently and effectively.
There are four major benefits to adopting soil testing and formula fertilization. First, by analyzing the soil, farmers can apply only what is needed, reducing waste, lowering costs, and improving fertilizer efficiency. Second, it helps balance nutrient supply, enhancing plant health, disease resistance, and the quality of agricultural products. Third, it leads to higher crop yields and increased profits. Fourth, it conserves resources and protects the environment.
Currently, soil testing and formula fertilization are still in their early stages. Many farmers lack a full understanding of soil testing, fertilizer analysis, and tailored fertilization techniques. The process is often not detailed or comprehensive enough, which limits its widespread adoption. In greenhouse vegetable production, where yields are high and economic returns are significant, proper soil testing and fertilization are even more critical.
In greenhouse farming, a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers is essential. Organic fertilizers provide a wide range of nutrients, improve soil structure, enhance crop quality, and strengthen plant resilience. Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, offer concentrated nutrients, quick effects, and easy application. Therefore, it's important to base greenhouse production on the use of organic fertilizers and then conduct soil nutrient tests to apply chemical fertilizers scientifically. This synergy ensures optimal growth, high yield, and environmental sustainability.
Another key aspect is the balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Under protected cultivation, crops typically have high productivity but may require additional nutrients due to limited soil fertility. These three primary nutrients must be applied in the right proportions. For new greenhouses, the recommended ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide is generally 1:0.5–0.7:1.2–1.5. For greenhouses in use for over three years, the ratio can be adjusted to around 1:0.3–0.5:0.8–1.0.
In addition to the main nutrients, trace elements like zinc and boron should also be considered. Most vegetable greenhouses in Shouguang City have low levels of these two elements, yet they are highly demanded in protected cultivation. Therefore, it’s important to apply them alongside nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to meet the plants’ nutritional needs.
Finally, effective soil testing and formula fertilization require careful planning. Before applying any fertilizer, it’s crucial to verify its quality and ensure it matches the label. Soil testing should be done regularly by certified agencies to obtain accurate data. Based on the results, fertilizers should be selected according to the specific needs of each crop, avoiding excess and reducing waste. During the formulation process, suitable compound fertilizers can be recommended, or simple fertilizers can be added in proportion. This approach ensures efficient nutrient use and sustainable agricultural practices.
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