Use of Cesium
Cesium, commonly known as the "decidua," is a species belonging to the amphibian and pupa families. It is a temperature-variable animal found throughout China. The medicinal raw materials are primarily divided into two categories: wolfberry and its related species, which are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. These materials are well-documented in the current Chinese Materia Medica and pharmacological references. The "enamel" refers to the white serum secreted by glands behind the ear, while the "coat" is the epidermis of the cuticle. The enamel can be scraped off the carcass using hard objects like rakes or naturally licked from the pods.
In recent years, due to environmental changes and overexploitation, cricket resources have been declining, causing their prices to soar. In the drug market, dried eucalyptus has reached 1600-1800 yuan per kilogram, with some varieties even reaching up to 16,000 yuan. The trend continues to rise annually, making artificial breeding a promising industry with great potential for development.
Unusual Habits
The living habits of crickets change with the seasons. They exhibit seven key characteristics. First, they tend to gather in groups during early spring and late autumn, but disperse during summer to search for food across land and water. As winter approaches, they hibernate in clusters until spring. Second, they avoid light, darkness, and humidity. Third, they hide during the day under rocks, soil, or grass. Fourth, they are most active at night, feeding on small insects. Fifth, they prefer to hibernate in underwater silt and can survive without oxygen. Sixth, they are resilient and not easily harmed by pressure or falls, showing strong vitality. Lastly, they are highly afraid of snakes. Understanding these behaviors makes artificial breeding more feasible and successful.
Artificial Feeding Management
1. Building a Farm. Farms should be established in areas with sufficient water supply. The size can vary depending on the scale of operation. A fence around the farm, 0.8 meters high, is sufficient since crickets have limited jumping ability. The base of the wall should extend 0.4 meters underground, with smooth inner walls and rounded corners to prevent burrowing or climbing.
2. Constructing Pools. At least three pools should be set up within the facility, covering about 30% of the total area. These include spawning pools, hatching pools, and rearing ponds. Spawning and hatching pools should be at least 30–40 cm deep, while rearing pools need to be at least 50 cm deep. Seventy percent of the area should be used for dry pits, with vegetation or structures like bricks and stones to create shelters. Nets should be placed around the perimeter to prevent snakes from entering and ensure a safe environment.
3. Breeding. Crickets are oviparous. Every spring, when the water temperature reaches around 10°C, they become active and mate in the spawning pools. Each square meter can hold about six eggs, with each female laying between 3000 and 8000 eggs. The black eggs are arranged in double rows within transparent egg bands and laid on grass. To improve fertilization rates, a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 is recommended, achieving over 90% success. Under temperatures between 10°C and 24°C, hatching occurs within 3–6 days. Once females finish laying eggs, they are moved to hatching pools to prevent them from sinking to the bottom. Before spawning, all domestic fish must be removed to avoid predation on eggs and larvae.
4. Feeding. The main diet of crickets consists of aquatic phytoplankton. Manure is added to the pools to cultivate plankton, which is then freely consumed by the cormorants. After about two months, the cormorants develop into young pups and remain aquatic, feeding mainly on ants, aphids, cockroaches, and other small insects. In late autumn, they return to the water to hibernate. When spring arrives, their appetite increases, and they can consume larger beetles and moths. By their third year, they grow into clams weighing over 75 grams. Artificial breeding can reduce reliance on wild populations by cultivating leeches, mealworms, aphids, and composting worms as alternative feed sources, which is a crucial factor in successful breeding programs.
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