The open-seasoned eggplant varieties are very sensitive to water, so it's important to maintain soil moisture, especially in July when there is no rain or during drought periods. When watering, you can dissolve fertilizers like ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate in water at concentrations of approximately 0.3%, 0.15%, and 0.2%, respectively. During furrowing, fill the furrow with water first, then evenly distribute the fertilizers into the trench. The recommended amounts per mu are about 15–30 kg of ammonium nitrate, 10 kg of monoammonium phosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. If water is not scarce, dig a small hole between every four eggplants and place well-rotted manure inside. Always apply top dressing according to the plant’s growth stage and yield, to avoid fertilizer burn.
During summer, eggplants are prone to powdery mildew, which requires close attention. At the early stage, you may notice a small amount of white mold on the leaf surface, which gradually expands and darkens. In severe cases, the entire leaf becomes covered in white powder. Mildew spots may also appear on the underside of leaves, petioles, fruit stems, and calyxes. This disease thrives in temperatures between 25°C and 28°C, with humidity levels ranging from 50% to 80%. However, when humidity reaches 100%, the incidence tends to decrease. In Sichuan, powdery mildew is more common during hot and dry periods, while it is less prevalent during rainy seasons. To manage this, spray specific fungicides such as triadimefon, Fuxing, polysulfide suspension, myclobutanil, or Tsuibei at the first sign of infection. Since eggplant leaves have many epidermal layers, adding 0.1%–0.2% detergent powder or mixing 27% high-fat film emulsion with 300 times dilution can improve the adhesion and spreadability of the solution. Ensure the spray is fine and evenly distributed for maximum effectiveness.
Cantaloupe sowing should take place before July 20th, as that’s the ideal time to plant autumn eggplants. When sowing, be mindful of weather conditions—avoid direct sunlight and heavy rain. Seeds can be directly sown without pre-germination. After sowing, cover the seedbed with a small shed. If it rains, use a thin plastic sheet to protect the seeds. On sunny days, cover with a shading net with a shade coefficient of over 80% (you can use double-layer shading in the initial stages). Keep the environment cool, moist, and well-ventilated. Once the seedlings have two true leaves, they can be transplanted into 99 cm-sized nutrition cups or grown into square seedlings measuring 10 cm each. After about 20 days, they are ready for transplanting.
During the seedling stage, it's crucial to monitor and control aphid infestations. Regular inspections and timely treatments can prevent damage and ensure healthy plant development.
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