Use of Cesium
Cesium, commonly known as the "decidua," is a species belonging to the amphibian and pupa families. It is a temperature-variable animal widely distributed throughout China. The medicinal raw materials mainly consist of two parts: wolfberry and its related species, which are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. These components are well documented in the current Compendium of Chinese Materia Medica and Chinese Medicine Pharmacology. The "enamel" refers to the white serum secreted by glands behind the ear, while the "coat" is the epidermis of the cuticle. The enamel can be scraped off the carcass using hard objects like rakes or collected naturally by licking the pods.
In recent years, due to environmental changes and overexploitation, the population of crickets has significantly declined, causing their prices to soar. In the drug market, dried eucalyptus now reaches up to 1600-1800 yuan per kilogram, with some varieties even selling for around 16,000 yuan. This trend shows a steady increase year by year. As a result, artificial breeding of these creatures presents great commercial potential and opportunities for sustainable development.
Unusual Habits
The living habits of crickets vary with the changing seasons. They exhibit seven distinct characteristics. First, they have a tendency to gather. In early spring and late autumn, they form groups and play in water; during summer, they scatter to search for food, moving freely between land and water. In winter, they hibernate in clusters until spring arrives. Second, they avoid light, darkness, and humidity. Third, they remain hidden during the day, often under stones, soil, or grass. Fourth, they are most active at night, feeding on small insects. Fifth, they prefer to hibernate in underwater mud, where they can survive without oxygen. Sixth, they are resilient and can withstand pressure and falls, making them one of the toughest amphibians. Lastly, they are extremely sensitive to snakes. Understanding these habits makes artificial breeding more feasible and successful.
Artificial Feeding and Management
1. Site Selection. Farms should be built in areas with sufficient water supply. The size of the site can be adjusted based on the scale of breeding. A fence should be erected around the farm, with a height of 0.8 meters. Since crickets have poor jumping ability, escape is unlikely. The base of the wall should extend 0.4 meters underground, and the inner surface should be smooth with rounded corners to prevent burrowing or climbing.
2. Pond Construction. At least three ponds should be constructed within the facility. Together, the pools should occupy about 30% of the total area, divided into spawning pools, hatching pools, and rearing ponds. Spawning and hatching pools should be at least 30–40 cm deep, while rearing ponds should be no less than 50 cm. About 70% of the space should be left for dry pits, with vegetation or bricks and stones used to create shelters for activity. To prevent snake intrusion, nets should be installed around the perimeter to trap and remove any intruding snakes.
3. Breeding Process. Crickets are oviparous. Every spring, when the water temperature reaches around 10°C, they become active and begin to spawn in the spawning pools. Approximately six eggs are laid per square meter, with each female producing 3000–8000 eggs. The black eggs are arranged in double rows inside transparent egg bands and are laid among aquatic plants. To improve fertilization rates, a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 is recommended, achieving a rate of over 90%. At water temperatures between 10°C and 24°C, hatching occurs naturally within 3–6 days. Once the females finish laying eggs, the eggs are moved to the hatching pool to prevent them from sinking to the bottom. Spawning and hatching pools must be free of fish to avoid predation on eggs and larvae.
4. Feeding. Crickets primarily feed on phytoplankton in water. Manure is added to the pools to cultivate plankton, which is then consumed by cormorants. These birds gradually develop into young pups over about two months, remaining aquatic throughout their life cycle, feeding mainly on ants, aphids, cockroaches, mosquitoes, and other small insects. In late autumn, they move into deeper waters to hibernate. When they emerge in spring, their appetite increases, and they can consume larger beetles and moths. By their third year, they grow into clams weighing over 75 grams. Artificial breeding can reduce the need for trapping wild populations by cultivating leeches, mealworms, aphids, and composting worms as alternative food sources. This is a crucial strategy for the success of captive breeding programs.
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