Bracken, also known as fern, fistula, dragon claw, or ruyi, is a perennial herb that typically grows up to about one meter in height. It features an underground rhizome system, and its leaves emerge from these underground stems. When the new leaves first unfurl, they are curled inward and covered with dense hair. As they mature, the leaves become three-pinnately compound. The petioles of the growing leaves are long, and each leaf carries a spore group responsible for reproduction.
The young leaves, buds, and tender shoots of bracken are rich in protein, fat, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, and essential trace elements, making it a highly nutritious food source. The rhizomes contain between 35% to 40% starch, further enhancing their nutritional value. Bracken is naturally grown without the use of pesticides or fertilizers, making it a clean, low-calorie, and eco-friendly food option. With rising living standards and increasing health awareness, demand for bracken has been steadily growing. Traditionally, it was consumed as a wild vegetable, but due to high market demand, artificial cultivation has become more common in recent years.
Bracken can be cultivated in various environments such as Datian areas, small plastic sheds, greenhouses, energy-efficient solar greenhouses, and heated greenhouses. Different methods can be selected based on local conditions. Cultivating bracken in plastic greenhouses allows for year-round fresh harvests, offering significant economic benefits. Key points for successful cultivation include:
1. Site Preparation and Planting: Apply 5,000 kg of well-rotted manure per 667 square meters (one acre). Ensure the root system is intact during planting, avoid damaging the roots, and straighten them before planting. Water thoroughly after planting.
2. Covering and Management: Before the soil freezes, maintain a temperature of around 20°C inside the greenhouse. Avoid temperatures exceeding 30°C. At this stage, do not water the seedlings—only regulate the temperature strictly. After 15 days, the temperature can be gradually increased to 25°C.
3. Harvesting and Processing: It takes approximately 20 days for bracken to sprout, and the first harvest can occur 10 to 15 days later. The ideal harvesting time is when the young leaves begin to unfold, and they should be harvested every 7 days to ensure quality and continuous growth.
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