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With the continuous growth of the rural economy and the increasing availability of feed, pig farming has gradually transitioned from traditional methods—mainly using green coarse materials with some fine feed—to more scientific feeding practices. As a result, farmers should pay attention to several key aspects in modern pig feeding techniques.
One common mistake among many farmers is feeding cooked food, believing that pigs can eat more when it's cooked. However, this is a misunderstanding. According to experiments, the impact of cooking varies depending on the type of feed. For green and coarse feeds, raw feeding is usually better, while for concentrated feeds, certain seeds like beans may benefit from being cooked. However, most concentrated feeds are better left uncooked, as cooking often leads to a 5% to 10% loss of nutrients. Feeding pigs raw food results in about 10% higher daily weight gain, and for every extra kilogram of weight gained, you can save 0.2 to 0.3 kilograms of concentrate. That said, some feeds such as rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, and glutinous water should be cooked and detoxified before feeding to avoid harm.
Another important point is the balance between thick and thin feeding. Thin feeding, which involves a lot of water, can reduce digestive juice secretion, speed up gastric emptying, and shorten the time feed stays in the stomach, thus affecting nutrient absorption. On the other hand, thick feeding—especially with dry or semi-moist feeds—can improve chewing, stimulate digestive juices, and increase the retention time of feed in the stomach, leading to better nutrient digestion. It’s recommended to use a combination of dry and wet feeding methods, mixing dry feed with water or green feed slurry.
Feeding frequency is also crucial. Suckling piglets have small stomachs and weak digestion. From day seven, they should be introduced to luring feeding, allowing them to eat freely. By day twenty, weaning begins, and they should be fed small meals multiple times a day—about six to eight times. Newly weaned pigs, which are still developing their digestion, should be fed four to six times a day. Sows, especially those in late pregnancy, need more nutrients and should be fed four times daily. Growing pigs, boars, and empty sows should be fed three times a day. In summer, when nights are long and pigs are active, it’s good to provide some green feed in the evening. In winter, feeding early in the morning and late at night is advisable, with a thicker meal in the evening to keep them warm and satisfied.
Consistent feeding times help build good habits. A typical schedule could be 6 a.m., 12 p.m., and 6 p.m., though this can be adjusted based on the season. Alongside regular feeding, it’s essential to manage the amount of feed given. Once you understand your pig’s usual intake, set a general amount. Ideally, the pig should finish its meal within an hour, leaving no leftovers in the trough.
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