Cabbage virus disease is one of the most significant threats to summer cabbage crops. During the seedling stage, symptoms such as yellowing and shrinking of the inner leaves can prevent proper head formation. In the mature plant, infected leaves become brittle, crumpled, and the heart fails to develop properly. Gray-brown lesions often appear on the leaves, which not only reduces yield but also lowers the market value of the produce.
The primary transmission method of the virus is through aphids and leaf rubbing, which transfer the pathogen from plant to plant. High temperatures, drought conditions, and especially high night temperatures create a favorable environment for the virus to thrive. The most vulnerable period is before the 7th leaf stage, when the plants are most susceptible and damage is usually the greatest.
To manage this disease effectively, several key practices should be followed:
Regular and adequate watering helps keep seedlings healthy. It's recommended to follow a "three-water, five-water" schedule, watering every 2–3 days. Watering in the evening is ideal, as it helps lower nighttime temperatures, reduces respiration losses, and promotes strong, vigorous growth.
Applying sufficient potassium-rich fertilizers during planting is crucial. A base fertilizer application of 5 kg of bio-potash, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 15–20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu (approx. 667 m²) can significantly strengthen the seedlings and improve their resistance to disease.
Promptly controlling aphid populations is essential. As soon as aphids are detected, immediate spraying is necessary. During peak migration periods, spraying every 3–5 days with 20% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate diluted 800–1000 times or 20% cypermethrin wettable powder diluted 800 times is effective. Adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the spray solution can enhance both efficacy and the plant’s ability to resist infection.
Infected central plants should be removed immediately to prevent further spread. Affected areas should be treated with a virus inhibitor or plant disease spirit diluted at 500–800 times. This helps control the disease and protect surrounding plants.
By implementing these measures, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of cabbage virus disease and ensure healthier, more productive crops.
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