Urea is the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural practices due to its high nitrogen content, stable physical properties, and ease of handling. It's a popular choice among farmers because it doesn't easily volatilize and can be stored for long periods. However, despite its benefits, many farmers still make mistakes when applying urea, leading to inefficient nutrient use and wasted resources. Here are some common errors and how to avoid them.
First, some farmers water the field immediately after applying urea, thinking this will help the fertilizer dissolve faster and be absorbed by crops. This is a misconception. Urea cannot be directly taken up by plants; it must first be converted into ammonium carbonate by soil microorganisms. If you water right after application, the urea may leach deep into the soil or wash away entirely before it has time to convert, reducing its effectiveness and causing unnecessary loss.
Second, some farmers spread urea on the soil surface without incorporating it into the ground. They might do this to save time or think that urea is stable and won’t evaporate. However, this is a serious mistake. When urea remains on the surface, it quickly converts into ammonia under the influence of moisture and microbes, leading to significant nitrogen loss through volatilization. This practice essentially wastes the fertilizer and reduces crop yield.
The correct way to apply urea is to choose a dry, sunny day, dig a shallow trench (about 7-10 cm deep), and place the fertilizer inside before covering it with soil. This helps retain the urea in the root zone where it can be efficiently taken up by plants. After top-dressing, wait 2-3 days in Summer before watering, and 6-8 days in Winter. This allows sufficient time for the urea to break down and become available to the crops.
By following these proper application techniques, farmers can maximize the efficiency of urea, reduce waste, and improve overall crop performance. Always remember, proper timing and method are key to getting the best results from your fertilizer.
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