Urea is the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture due to its high nitrogen content, stable physical properties, and ease of handling. It's a popular choice among farmers because it's cost-effective and efficient when applied correctly. However, despite its benefits, some farmers still make mistakes in its application, leading to reduced efficiency and waste. Here are a few common errors and how to avoid them.
First, many farmers water immediately after applying urea, thinking this will help it dissolve faster and be absorbed by the crops. In reality, urea cannot be directly taken up by plants. It needs to be converted into ammonium carbonate by soil microorganisms before it can be used. If you water right after application, the urea may leach deep into the soil or be washed away, reducing its effectiveness. This leads to wasted fertilizer and lower crop yields.
Second, some farmers apply urea directly on the soil surface without incorporating it into the ground. They might do this for convenience or because they believe urea is non-volatile. However, this is a serious mistake. Urea exposed to the air will quickly volatilize, especially under warm conditions, leading to significant nitrogen loss. Even though urea itself isn't volatile, once it starts converting into ammonium carbonate, it becomes more prone to evaporation. This practice is not only inefficient but also wastes time, money, and resources.
To apply urea properly, choose a sunny day and dig a shallow furrow or hole about 7–10 cm deep. After placing the urea, cover it with soil to protect it from direct exposure. In Summer, wait 2–3 days before watering, and in Winter, water every 6–8 days. This ensures the urea has time to convert into a form that plants can absorb, maximizing its effectiveness and minimizing losses.
By following these simple steps, farmers can get the most out of their urea fertilizer while protecting their investment and the environment. Always remember, proper application is key to successful crop growth.
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