In recent years, as living standards have improved, the demand for Huangqi (Astragalus) has steadily increased. Farmers have also enhanced their artificial breeding techniques, leading to significant economic returns. This growing interest in cultivating Astragalus has prompted a more systematic and scientific approach to its farming.
First, the construction of a suitable environment for Astragalus is essential. To ensure optimal growth, an environment that mimics its natural habitat should be created. A typical pool area ranges from 40 to 50 square meters, with a depth of about one meter. The pool should include inlet and outlet systems, and its shape can vary depending on local conditions—commonly rectangular or square. The walls and bottom must be sturdy, made of bricks and cement, to prevent escape through cracks. The base of the pool should be around 30 centimeters deep. Adding rocks and tree roots can help create crevices where the Astragalus can hide and feel secure. The water level should be kept shallow, approximately 20 centimeters, to allow easy breathing. The pH should be maintained between 6.5 and 6.8, and aquatic plants can be added to enhance the ecosystem.
Second, selecting and transporting healthy seedlings is crucial. It's best to purchase artificially propagated seedlings or naturally sourced ones. Healthy seedlings should have a strong body, smooth skin, no mucus, and active movement. Their color should be deep yellow, without scars or blemishes. Stocking density should be carefully managed—around 25 grams per square meter for young fish, with 100–120 individuals per square meter. Before placing them in the pool, seedlings should be disinfected using 2–3% saltwater or 100 mg/kg potassium permanganate for over 10 minutes. The temperature of the disinfectant should match the pool water to avoid stress. After disinfection, it's recommended to use calcined water (50–100 grams per square meter) and wait a week before introducing the seedlings into the pond.
Third, feeding and managing Astragalus requires attention to diet and routine. These omnivorous fish can be fed a variety of foods, including quail, fly larvae, small fish, shrimp, snails, and other animal by-products. A small amount of plant-based food like wheat gluten, vegetable scraps, and melon peels can also be provided. However, it's important to feed only fresh bait, as they do not tolerate spoiled or rotten food. Feeding should begin after three days of acclimation, with feeding times gradually adjusted. Once they are accustomed, feeding can be scheduled at fixed times, such as 10:00 AM or 3:00 PM. The amount of feed depends on water temperature, which should ideally range between 15°C and 30°C. During this period, dry feed should be 3–5% of the total weight, while fresh bait should be 5–10%. When temperatures fall below 15°C or exceed 30°C, feeding should be reduced, following the "four principles" of timing, location, quality, and quantity.
Daily management involves maintaining clean water and monitoring conditions. Water should be changed every two days, and during deeper seasons, the water level can be increased. In hot weather, oxygen levels must be monitored, and measures like water injection or aeration should be taken to maintain dissolved oxygen. During rain, check for blocked overflow systems and ensure fences are secure to prevent escape. Regular inspections of the pond are necessary, and any issues must be addressed promptly to avoid losses.
Lastly, disease prevention is key. Although Astragalus has strong resistance, it is prone to injuries and infections, especially hydromycosis. Before delivery, affected areas should be treated with 5% iodine or soaked in 4% saline for 3–4 minutes. Weekly disinfection of the water is recommended using sodium chlorite at 0.3 grams per cubic meter or quicklime at 5–10 grams per square meter. Prevention is always better than cure, so maintaining hygiene and monitoring the health of the fish is essential for successful breeding.
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