The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, situated in southwest China, is known for its diverse geography, favorable climate, and abundant water resources, making it an ideal region for afforestation. A wide range of tree species thrive here, particularly coniferous trees that are well-suited to the high-altitude environment. Among them, the Yunnan pine (*Pinus yunnanensis*) stands out as one of the most important species for reforestation efforts.
Other suitable species include *Keteleeria evelyniana* (Yunnan Keteleeria), *Pinus huashanensis* (Huashan Pine), cypress (*Cupressus spp.*), and *Abies fabri* (yellow fir). These trees are commonly found at elevations above 1,000 meters. In Kunming and surrounding areas, *Keteleeria fortunei* is largely cultivated artificially. Huashan Pine is highly valued for its wood quality and is widely planted for both timber and ecological purposes.
Cypress species are native to regions such as Yimen, Lufeng, Yuanjiang, Simao, and Jinghong in Kunming. They form both natural and artificial pure forests, offering excellent wood and ornamental value. These trees are suitable for planting between 1,000 and 2,000 meters in central Yunnan and western Guizhou.
*Pseudotsuga sinensis* (Huangshan fir) and *Pseudotsuga menziesii* (Douglas fir), which belong to the same genus, are distributed across Yunnan and Guizhou at altitudes ranging from 1,500 to 2,800 meters. They grow well when transplanted from wild seedlings and are not only valuable for their timber but also for their aesthetic appeal, making them promising candidates for future development.
In southeast Yunnan, central China, and southwest Sichuan, large plantations of *Cunninghamia lanceolata* (Chinese fir) are common. Additionally, the Sanjiang Dry-Hot Valley, encompassing the Jinsha, Nujiang, and Lancang Rivers, is closely connected to forested areas in southern Tibet. This region supports species like *Abies densa* (Tibetan fir), *Rhoicissus delavayi* (Himalayan redwood), *Betula platyphylla*, *Chamaecyparis obtusa* (weeping cypress), and *Juniperus przewalskii* (Josson).
In the Daba Mountain and Wushan Mountain regions, which are geographically close, a variety of tree species are suitable for afforestation. These include *Metasequoia glyptostroboides* (dawn redwood), *Cunninghamia lanceolata* (Chinese fir), *Liquidambar formosana* (sweetgum), and *Phyllostachys pubescens* (moso bamboo).
At elevations below 1,000 meters in Daba Mountain, species such as *Pinus massoniana* (masson pine), *Cunninghamia lanceolata*, *Quercus variabilis* (cork oak), *Cupressus funebris* (cypress), *Liquidambar formosana*, and *Metasequoia glyptostroboides* are commonly found. Between 1,000 and 2,000 meters, *Pinus huashanensis*, *Cryptomeria japonica* (Japanese cedar), and *Tieguan* (a local name for certain conifers) thrive. Above 2,000 meters, species like *Pinus beshanzhuangensis* (Bashan pine), *Picea purpurea* (wheat-hanging spruce), *Abies chensiensis* (Huangguo fir), *Abies fargesii* (Qinling fir), and *Tsuga chinensis* (hemlock) are prevalent.
Broad-leaved trees such as *Eucalyptus* species, *Liriodendron tulipifera* (tulip tree), *Cyclobalanopsis glauca*, *Fagus sylvatica* (European beech), *Castanopsis sclerophylla* (black-shelled nan), and *Machilus chinensis* (Mi Xinshu) are also present. Bamboo cultivation is another promising avenue in this region.
In the Wushan mountain area, yew trees (*Taxus chinensis*) are found, and species like *Taiwania cryptomerioides* and *Abies fabri* are widely cultivated. For afforestation, functional species such as *Cunninghamia lanceolata*, *Pinus massoniana*, *Metasequoia glyptostroboides*, *Pterocarya stenoptera* (wingnut), and *Populus* species can be effectively utilized.
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