1. Timely Separation of Seedlings
There are two suitable temperature growth periods for scallops in a year. The larvae are raised during the first temperature period, and by the end of August, the seedlings must be separated to ensure they reach a shell height of 2–3 cm by the end of the year. In April of the following year, small and medium-sized seedlings should be moved to new cages, while larger ones can be harvested from October to November. Young seedlings will not be harvested until spring (April to May) of the third year.
In addition, the timing of inversion is crucial. When water temperatures rise to around 5°C in spring, it’s important to empty the cages promptly. If cage operations are completed before mid-April, the scallops can fully utilize the two temperature windows, growing to a shell height of 6–7 cm.
2. Adjusting the Cultured Water Layer
During winter (water temperature below 5°C) and summer (above 25°C), scallops should be placed in deeper seawater to protect them from extreme temperatures. In spring and autumn (water temperature between 10°C and 23°C), they should be raised in the upper water layer (2–3 meters deep). These seasons offer optimal conditions with warm water and abundant food, which significantly promotes scallop growth.
3. Removing Attached Organisms Promptly
During scallop farming, many attached organisms grow on the cages, reducing water flow and limiting food availability, which negatively affects scallop growth and survival. To manage this, two methods are used: during July and August, when attached organisms peak, the cages should be submerged to avoid the infested layer. Regular brushing, flipping, and washing of the cages every 1–2 months is also essential. In April and August each year, all cages should be emptied to completely remove any attached organisms.
4. Adjusting Buoyancy
As scallops grow and attached organisms accumulate, the weight on the cages increases. To maintain an appropriate water depth and prevent sinking, buoyancy should be adjusted regularly. This can be done by adding more floats or using double-row floatation. Daily checks are necessary to ensure floats are intact, slings are secure, and cages are free from damage or entanglement. Any issues should be addressed immediately to avoid losses.
5. Integration of Seaweed Cultivation
To maximize the use of sea areas and boost economic returns, kelp and other algae are often cultivated alongside scallops. Scallops provide organic nutrients and carbon dioxide that benefit kelp, while kelp releases oxygen that supports scallop respiration. Additionally, kelp provides shade, which helps scallops feed more efficiently. This mutualistic relationship is commonly practiced through intercropping, where one kelp line is placed between every 1–2 scallop lines, or one scallop per 4–5 kelp lines. Bay scallops can be farmed with kelp. After kelp is harvested in June, bay scallops can be placed on shells, and by July, seabuckthorn can be added to cages. In October, kelp is grown under the sea, occupying only 10% of the area. Scallops can then be harvested, and the kelp can be used as seedlings, effectively doubling the productivity of the sea area.
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