To ensure optimal growth and survival of scallops, several key management practices must be followed throughout the year.
First, timely seedling separation is crucial. There are two suitable temperature periods for scallop growth each year. Larvae should be raised to three times their size during these periods. To achieve a shell height of 2–3 cm by year-end, production must be divided before the end of August. In April of the next year, small and medium-sized seedlings should be separated, while larger ones can be harvested between October and November. Young seedlings are not harvested until spring (April–May) of the third year. Additionally, the timing of inversion significantly impacts growth. When water temperatures rise to around 5°C in the following spring, scallops should be emptied promptly. If cage work is completed before mid-April, they can fully utilize the two temperature periods, growing to a shell height of 6–7 cm.
Second, adjusting the water layer is essential. During winter (below 5°C) and summer (above 25°C), scallops should be placed in deeper seawater to protect them from extreme conditions. In spring and autumn (10°C–23°C), they should be raised to a depth of 2–3 meters, where the temperature is ideal, food is abundant, and growth is promoted.
Third, removing attached organisms is necessary to maintain good water flow and feeding conditions. Methods include submerging cages during peak attachment seasons (July–August), brushing cages regularly, and washing them every 1–2 months. Each year in April and August, cages should be emptied completely to remove all attached organisms.
Fourth, adjusting buoyancy is important as scallops grow and accumulate more weight. Increasing the number of floats or using double-row floatation helps maintain the correct water depth and prevents sedimentation. Regular checks for damaged floats, loose slings, and tangled cages are also essential.
Lastly, integrating kelp cultivation with scallops enhances productivity and economic returns. The metabolic waste from scallops provides nutrients for kelp, while the carbon dioxide from scallops supports kelp photosynthesis. Kelp also shades the water, improving feeding conditions for scallops. This mutualistic relationship is achieved through intercropping, such as placing one kelp rope between every 1–2 scallop ropes. After kelp harvest in June, scallops can be reared on seashells, and in July, seabuckthorn can be caged. By October, kelp is grown under the sea, occupying only 10% of the area. Harvested kelp can be used as seedlings, maximizing the use of the marine space.
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