There are numerous species of monkeys, including macaques, lorises, spider monkeys, apes, langurs, red-faced monkeys, marmosets, golden monkeys, and black-leaf monkeys. Macaques are commonly found in the tropical forests of Asia and Africa, but they can also be seen in regions like Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Zhejiang in China. Most of them prefer dense forest areas near rivers, where they live in social groups. Their faces, ears, palms, and soles are usually hairless, while their bodies are covered with fine yellow fur. Their eyes face forward, and their nostrils are positioned closely together. These monkeys have strong hands and feet, which help them climb and jump through trees. When on the ground, they often walk on all fours, though they can sometimes stand upright on their hind legs. Their teeth are similar to humans, with a structure that allows them to eat fruits, seeds, eggs, and insects. They also have cheek pouches that store food temporarily when they're too busy to chew it right away, and they can come back to eat it later. The brain of a macaque is well-developed, with a large size and many grooves on its surface, increasing the overall surface area. This advanced brain enables complex behaviors, strong memory, and excellent imitation skills. That's why circus trainers often teach monkeys to perform tricks and acrobatics. As primates, monkeys share many similarities with humans in movement and intelligence. In fact, their intelligence ranks just below that of humans and apes. There are over 100 different monkey species worldwide. The smallest is the marmoset, found in countries like Ecuador, Brazil, and Peru. These tiny monkeys measure only about 30 centimeters, with their tail making up half of their body length. They mainly feed on insects like flies, mosquitoes, spiders, and moths, earning them the name "insect-eating monkeys." On the other end of the scale, the largest monkey is the mandrill from Africa, standing up to one meter tall and weighing more than 50 kilograms. Among the most precious monkeys is the golden monkey of China, known for its striking blue face and nose, and golden fur covering its shoulders. Wild monkeys typically live in groups, led by a dominant male who acts as the "monkey king." Other males serve as protectors, ensuring the safety of the females and young. When searching for food or water, the strongest males lead the group. If a predator like a lion approaches, the bravest males rush to defend the group, while others shout from the trees to scare off the threat. In places like Mount Emei, monkeys are famous for "blocking roads" and amusing tourists. With proper training, monkeys can perform tricks, assist in tasks, and even help people in various ways. For example, monkeys in Malaysia are trained to climb coconut trees over 20 meters high and pick coconuts, with one monkey capable of collecting over 1,000 per day. In England, some monkeys are trained to ride dogs to herd sheep. Japanese veterinarians use monkeys as assistants during animal surgeries, and in the U.S., monkeys are trained to help care for people with paralysis. Monkeys truly showcase the incredible adaptability and intelligence of nature’s creatures.
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