Ensuring a sufficient and high-quality feed supply is essential for successful breeding of Astragalus and achieving optimal yields. Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as the astragalus, is an omnivorous fish that thrives on various animal-based feeds. It has access to a wide range of food sources, making it relatively easy to rear. Farmers can utilize local resources to collect and cultivate live feeds, which not only reduces costs but also enhances the nutritional value of the diet.
One effective method is raising earthworms using cow dung, kitchen waste, and other organic materials. Recommended species include Daping No. 2, Beixing No. 2, and Aiko Aishi, as they are fast-growing and nutritious. To breed them, old wooden barrels or containers can be used, with 2 cm diameter holes drilled in the bottom and covered with gauze to allow proper drainage and air circulation. Alternatively, brick pits or shallow dug holes in well-drained areas can also be utilized for large-scale cultivation.
Another option is rearing fly larvae. This can be done by purchasing housefly pupae from specialized farms and producing sterile larvae. An alternative method involves grinding 0.5 kg of soybeans into pulp and mixing it with 40–50 liters of water. Then, adding 2.5 kg of fresh pork blood and 10 liters of water, the mixture is left to ferment for about a week. Afterward, aphids and other microorganisms will develop, providing a rich source of protein for the fish.
To supplement the diet, bamboo traps can be set around the ponds. These traps have 4–6 meshes and are partially submerged in water, allowing small aquatic creatures like snails to climb into the cage, where they can be easily harvested and fed to the astragalus. Snails collected from drains or rice fields can also be chopped and used as additional feed.
A light-trapping system can be installed above each pond, featuring two blacklight lamps placed at a height of about 20 cm above the water surface, similar to conditions found near Dianchi Lake. When the sun sets, the high-altitude blacklights are turned on to attract moths from a distance. Once a group of moths gathers around the light, the high-altitude lamp is turned off, and the lower one is activated. This causes the moths to descend toward the surface lights. The reflection of the lights on the water surface attracts even more moths, some of which fall into the water and become natural feed for the astragalus. When moth activity decreases, the high-altitude blacklight is turned on again to lure more insects, repeating the cycle.
Finally, filamentous algae can be cultivated by digging a shallow pool near a drain, spreading mud on the bottom, and maintaining a depth of 5–6 cm. Regular application of organic fertilizer encourages rapid growth of the filaments, which serve as another valuable food source for the fish.
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