Soilless substrate cultivation is a fundamental method for growing mushrooms, offering significant advantages in yield, flavor, and overall quality. As the base for mushroom growth, it provides an ideal environment that enhances both the nutritional value and appearance of the final product. With the limited availability of peat and increasing restrictions on its large-scale use, soilless substrates have become a more sustainable and practical choice. These substrates are often made from locally available agricultural waste, making them cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
To prepare a high-quality soilless substrate, you can utilize organic materials such as fallen broadleaf tree leaves, crop stalks, and grass. Start by piling up about 10 cubic meters of these materials into a large heap. It’s important to build the heap properly—pressing it down as you go to reduce air pockets and maximize density. Once the heap is ready, mix 2.5 kg of urea with 150–200 kg of water to create a nutrient-rich solution. This solution is then evenly sprinkled over the pile to ensure the moisture level reaches 60–70%, which is essential for microbial activity.
This step introduces nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for microorganisms that will later break down the organic matter. After applying the urea solution, cover the heap with a breathable material and let it sit for 24 hours. The next day, prepare a microbial inoculant by mixing 2 kg of a microbial fermentation agent (such as Kinpo or Golden Baby) with 5 kg of rice bran. This mixture acts as a food source for the microbes and helps accelerate the fermentation process.
Once the bacterial culture is ready, spread it evenly over the organic pile. This process is known as "inoculation," where beneficial microbes are introduced to the substrate. After inoculation, cover the heap again with an air-permeable layer and protect it from direct sunlight and rain. Within 5–10 days, the temperature inside the pile should rise to 55–60°C, indicating active fermentation. At this point, turn the pile 2–3 times to ensure even decomposition and complete the fermentation process.
The resulting soilless substrate is rich in nutrients, well-aerated, and ideal for mushroom cultivation. By using local waste materials and microbial technology, this method not only improves mushroom quality but also supports sustainable farming practices. It’s a simple, effective, and eco-friendly way to grow mushrooms efficiently.
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