The conversion of straw into biological feed offers numerous benefits. First, the production process is relatively quick, typically taking 1 to 3 days during spring, summer, and autumn, and 3 to 7 days in winter. Second, this method is not restricted by seasons, allowing for year-round use. Third, the resulting feed is nutritionally complete, has a good taste, and is easy for animals to digest and absorb. The production process involves several key steps:
First, selecting the right type of straw is essential. Different animals require different types of straw depending on their dietary needs. For example, herbivores like cattle, sheep, horses, and donkeys can benefit from low-nutrient, high-fiber straws such as corn stover, rice straw, and wheat straw. On the other hand, monogastric animals like pigs, rabbits, ducks, geese, and fish may need materials with higher nutritional value, lower crude fiber, and less lignin, such as peanut shells, husks, rice bran, and wheat bran. No matter the type of straw used, it's important to remove dirt, roots, and any moldy or spoiled parts to ensure the material remains fresh and clean.
Second, proper storage of the straw is crucial for long-term use. After harvest in autumn, the straw should be dried, sorted, and compressed into bales. It should then be covered with plastic sheets or other waterproof materials to protect it from rain, snow, and moisture, ensuring it stays in good condition for future use.
Third, the actual production of biological feed for cattle and sheep follows specific procedures. For bovine feed, the straw is first cut into short segments of 3 to 5 cm using a lawn mower, or it can be processed into fine fibers using a kneading machine. Then, 75 kg of straw is placed on a clean concrete surface. Next, 0.5 kg of a transforming agent is dissolved in 75 liters of clean water (preferably warm water in winter). This solution is then sprayed evenly over the prepared straw, mixed in plastic bags or containers, compacted, sealed tightly, and stored in a shaded area. After anaerobic fermentation for 1 to 3 days (or up to 7 days in colder months), the result is a nutrient-rich, easily digestible bio-feed. The final product is yellow in color, has a strong aroma, and contains a pleasant sour smell due to the presence of organic acids. It should be kept away from direct sunlight, as UV rays can kill beneficial bacteria and enzymes.
For sheep feed, the straw is crushed into coarse powder of 4-6 mm or made into fluffy pieces using a kneading machine, and then processed following the same method as for cattle feed.
When making feed for pigs and ducks, it's best to use raw materials like peanut pods, soybean meal, rice bran, corn stalks, and peanut husks. These are ground into fine powders of 30 to 40 mesh and then treated similarly to the methods described above.
Lastly, for rabbits and fish, the feed is often produced in pellet form. If pelleting equipment is unavailable, the feed can also be used in powdered form. This ensures that even smaller animals can benefit from the nutritious and easily digestible bio-feed.
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