1. Choose solid-stalk varieties that are winter-hardy and resistant to bolting. These types of plants are more resilient in cold conditions and less likely to bolt prematurely, ensuring better yield and quality.
2. Use fresh, high-quality seeds that are fully matured and have strong germination potential. Such seeds promote vigorous growth and reduce the likelihood of early bolting. When collecting seeds, follow strict agronomic guidelines to avoid selecting plants that bolt too early. Using such plants for seed production can significantly reduce the variety's winter hardiness, leading to poor quality and increased bolting problems in future crops.
3. During the cold periods of winter and early spring, take all necessary measures to prevent temperatures from dropping below 8–10°C. Nighttime temperatures should stay above 8–12°C, while daytime temperatures should be maintained between 15–20°C. This helps prevent seedlings from undergoing vernalization, which can trigger premature bolting.
4. Improve water and fertilizer management during the growing season to ensure healthy plant development. Proper nutrition and moisture levels support robust vegetative growth and help suppress reproductive growth. Avoid conditions like drought, nutrient deficiency, or weak seedlings, as they can lead to early bolting.
5. Under good management practices, apply growth hormones at the right time—typically during the 7–10 day period of vigorous growth. Spraying 2–3 times with a solution of 20–50 mg/l of 90% gibberellic acid can effectively promote leafy growth and delay flowering.
6. Harvest the crop at the appropriate time, avoiding late harvesting when the plant is already showing signs of bolting. Early harvesting ensures better quality and reduces the risk of yield loss due to premature flowering.
By following these steps, farmers can significantly improve the quality and productivity of their crops while minimizing the occurrence of early bolting, especially in cold seasons.
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