During the storage of traditional Chinese medicines, it is essential to prevent issues such as insect infestation, mold growth, discoloration, loss of aroma, decay, weathering, melting, and sticking. These problems can significantly affect the quality and efficacy of the medicinal materials.
The main factors that contribute to the deterioration of these medicines include temperature, humidity, air exposure, and sunlight. Temperature plays a crucial role: if it's too high, especially above 35°C, oils in certain herbs may separate, reducing their potency. Herbs with high volatile oil content may lose their fragrance. Animal-based glues and resins are also prone to softening or melting when exposed to heat.
Between 20°C and 35°C, conditions become favorable for insects and molds to thrive, leading to spoilage. Humidity is another key factor—when the air is moist, herbs can absorb excess moisture, increasing their water content and making them more susceptible to mold. The ideal moisture level for most medicinal materials is around 10–20%.
Air exposure, particularly oxygen, can cause chemical changes in some herbs. For example, paeonol and Huang Jing may darken due to oxidation. Sunlight can also degrade pigments and chlorophyll in certain herbs, causing discoloration. Therefore, red and green-colored herbs should be kept away from direct sunlight.
To properly preserve different types of medicinal herbs, specific methods must be applied. For those prone to insect infestation, such as Codonopsis, Coltsfoot, and Coix seeds, it's important to store them in dry, well-ventilated areas. Using lime, ash, or charcoal on the floor can help reduce humidity. Storing them at least 40 cm above the ground and using wooden shelves with linoleum paper can further prevent pests.
Herbs that are prone to oiling or molding, like Achyranthes and Asparagus, should be kept in cool, dry places to avoid moisture. Medicines that easily discolor or lose their scent, such as safflower and cloves, need to be stored in a controlled environment with stable temperature and humidity. They should also be kept separately from other herbs with strong odors.
For herbs that melt easily or are sensitive to heat, such as Ejiao and camphor, cool and dry storage is essential. Herbs that deliquesce or weather, like Glauber’s salt, must be stored in airtight containers in shaded and dry locations. Finally, venomous, flammable, or valuable drugs require special handling and strict management to ensure safety and preservation.
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