1. Choose solid-stemmed varieties that are winter-hardy and resistant to bolting. These types of plants are more resilient during cold seasons and less likely to flower prematurely, ensuring better yield and quality.
2. Use fresh, high-quality seeds with strong germination potential. Such seeds promote vigorous growth and reduce the tendency to bolt. When collecting seeds, follow strict agronomic guidelines to avoid selecting plants that bolt early, as this can significantly reduce the variety's winter hardiness, lower overall quality, and increase the risk of premature bolting in future crops.
3. During the cold periods of winter and early spring, take all necessary measures to prevent temperatures from dropping below 8–10°C. Ensure nighttime temperatures stay above 8–12°C and daytime temperatures remain between 15–20°C to prevent seedlings from undergoing vernalization, which can trigger early flowering.
4. Improve water and nutrient management throughout the growing season to support healthy plant development. Proper irrigation and fertilization help maintain strong vegetative growth and suppress early reproductive growth. Avoid conditions like drought, poor nutrition, or weak seedlings, which can lead to stunted growth and increased bolting risk.
5. Under good management practices, apply growth hormones at the right time. Spray 2–3 times during the 7–10 day period of active growth, using a solution of 20–50 mg/l of a 90% concentration. This helps encourage leafy growth and reduces the likelihood of bolting and flowering.
6. Harvest at the appropriate time, avoiding late harvests when the plants show signs of bolting. Early harvesting ensures better quality and prevents the loss of market value due to over-maturity or flowering.
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