Fermented Bed Chicken (Duck)
What is a Fermented Bed Chicken?
Fermented bed chicken, also known as ecological or indigenous chicken, is a modern and sustainable method of raising poultry on a composted bed made from organic materials like sawdust, rice husks, and straw. This system allows chickens to live in a more natural environment while significantly reducing waste and improving overall health. Unlike traditional cage farming, which restricts the birds' natural behaviors and creates an unhealthy, enclosed space, the fermented bed approach mimics a free-range setting. This not only enhances the well-being of the animals but also reduces labor and costs. The fermentation process breaks down chicken manure quickly, leading to zero discharge and eliminating the need for daily cleaning. It also helps reduce harmful odors such as ammonia, lowering the risk of respiratory diseases. Moreover, the decomposed waste produces bacterial protein that can be used as a nutritious supplement for the chickens, cutting feed costs dramatically. The microbial balance created in the bedding helps suppress harmful bacteria, while beneficial microbes improve gut health, boost immunity, and lower disease rates by over 30%. As a result, the chickens grow faster, lay more eggs, and produce higher-quality meat and eggs that are more flavorful, healthier, and more marketable. After slaughter, the fermented litter becomes valuable organic fertilizer, completing a circular agricultural system.
Designing a Fermented Bed for Chickens
The design of a fermented bed chicken house is similar to traditional methods, with some key differences. The length-to-width ratio is typically 5:1 or 6:1, with the length ranging from 30 to 70 meters and the width between 6 to 10 meters. The height should be around 2.4 to 3.0 meters, making a typical area of about 200 square meters. Proper ventilation is essential to regulate temperature and humidity, ensuring the indoor climate remains stable at around 20°C. This setup supports the fermentation process and keeps the environment comfortable for the birds.
Preparing the Fermented Bed
The materials used for the fermented bed can vary depending on the region. Common options include rice husks, chopped straw, or a mix of these. If using straw, it should be cut into pieces of 10 to 15 cm in length. These materials are spread evenly to a depth of 10 to 15 cm. Then, 5% of the total material is mixed with uncontaminated soil, along with 0.3% crushed coarse salt. A starter culture is then sprayed at a rate of 0.25 kg per square meter. The mixture is left to ferment for about a week before chicks are introduced. If any unpleasant smells develop later, a small amount of additional starter culture can be added to maintain the balance.
Management Tips for Fermented Bed Chicken Raising
1. Keep the stocking density at 5 to 6 chickens per square meter. Overstocking can overwhelm the microorganisms and lead to odor issues.
2. Maintain the moisture level of the bed at around 30%. If it becomes too dry, you can spray a diluted Fuld Fermentation solution (1:200) to restore moisture.
3. Avoid using chemical disinfectants or antibiotics in the housing, as they can harm the beneficial bacteria and reduce their effectiveness.
4. Implement regular disease prevention measures to ensure a healthy flock.
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