The "four water" plants—water hyacinths, water peanuts, water lettuces, and oleasters—are commonly used as feed for pigs due to their high nutritional content. However, while these aquatic plants can be beneficial, they also pose certain risks if not handled properly. Long-term feeding of such plants can expose pigs to parasites like ginger flukes and aphids, which can hinder growth, reduce productivity, and in severe cases, even lead to death. To ensure safe and effective use, it is essential to follow the "three musts" when feeding pigs with aquatic plants.
First, always sterilize the water where the aquatic feed is grown. A 1:5000 copper sulfate solution or 0.1% lime water can be used to treat the ponds, helping to eliminate intermediate hosts such as the flat snail, which carries ginger fluke larvae. Additionally, when fertilizing the aquatic plants, avoid using raw human or animal manure directly. Instead, ensure that the manure is fully decomposed through high-temperature fermentation before applying it. This process helps destroy parasite eggs that may be present in the waste.
Second, all aquatic feed should be properly fermented before being given to pigs. Fermentation not only improves digestibility but also helps kill any remaining parasite eggs. The process involves washing the aquatic plants, drying them, and chopping them into smaller pieces. Then, mix them with ingredients like gluten, bran, and a small amount of distiller’s yeast. Add water in a ratio of 3% to 5%, and allow the mixture to ferment for 2 to 3 days. After that, it is safe to feed the pigs. For subsequent batches, you can skip the yeast and instead use a small portion of previously fermented feed as a starter culture.
Third, it's crucial to control pests when feeding pigs with aquatic plants over an extended period. Regular deworming is necessary, and insecticides should be administered every two months. The recommended dosage is 10 mg per kilogram of the pig’s body weight. It’s best to give the medication on an empty stomach to maximize its effectiveness.
By following these three key steps, farmers can safely utilize the "four water" plants as a nutritious and sustainable feed source for their pigs while minimizing health risks. Taking proper precautions ensures better growth, higher productivity, and overall healthier livestock.
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