At present, yellow skin onions have become a high-quality and health-conscious vegetable that is widely exported, earning significant foreign exchange. These onions are highly favored in Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries, while the domestic market also shows strong demand. As a preferred crop for industrial restructuring in the Huaibei region, they offer both economic and nutritional benefits.
I. Variety Selection and Sowing Time
For early to mid-season varieties, imported options include Yuyu Onions, Amber No. 2, and Takada Early Health No. 1. Domestic varieties such as Huang Gaosheng, Number One, and Early Life Topaz Green Onions are also popular. Late-maturing varieties mainly consist of imported seeds like Zhongjia Gaohuang, Improved Zhongjia Gaohuang, Purple Pihonghongyue Demonstration Variety, and Diest (a high-yield variety). In Luanxian, sowing typically occurs between September 7th and 10th.
II. Seedbed Preparation and Sowing
To prepare one acre of land, you need:
(1) A seedbed of 40-50 square meters on elevated, well-drained ground, avoiding areas where onions were previously grown.
(2) Over 150 grams of imported seeds.
(3) Fungicides like carbendazim or mancozeb (100g), and insecticides like methylisothiazolin (250–500g).
(4) 25 kg of fully decomposed manure and 5 kg of compound fertilizer.
(5) Some wheat straw.
Soil should be level and well-prepared before sowing. Watering should occur at least 6 hours apart, with irrigation depths adjusted based on soil type—3–4 inches for sandy loam, 2–3 inches for clay. Mix seeds with fine soil in a 3–5 ratio and sow evenly, then cover with about 1 cm of soil. Finally, place a plastic sheet and cover with 2–3 inches of wheat straw for protection.
III. Seedling Management and Pest Control
When 60% of the seedlings emerge, remove the covering in the evening. When 80–90% have sprouted, spray thiophanate-methyl to control blight, repeating every two days for three times. After removing the film, water lightly and maintain a "dry and wet" cycle, watering every 7–8 days initially, then 10–15 days later. Apply 5 kg of urea per acre during watering. One month after sowing, apply 7.5 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. Mix in 75 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per kg of water for foliar feeding. One week before transplanting, spray 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre.
For pest control, use 100–150 kg of fine soil mixed with ash on sunny days after dew dries. Treat damping-off disease with a 300-fold solution of 50% carbendazim. For insect pests, mix insecticides with foliar fertilizers and add a small amount of detergent to improve adhesion. Apply this 4–5 times during the seedling stage.
IV. Field Preparation and Transplanting
Incorporate 2–3 cubic meters of chicken manure or 4–5 cubic meters of pig manure into the soil. Apply inorganic fertilizers in three formulations:
(1) 10 kg urea, 50 kg superphosphate, 20 kg potassium sulfate.
(2) 20 kg diammonium phosphate, 20 kg potassium sulfate, 20 kg urea.
(3) 50 kg compound fertilizer with N, P, K. If no organic manure is used, double the amounts.
Transplant seedlings when they are 55–60 days old, ideally from late October to early November for early varieties, and mid-November for mid-late varieties. Plant early varieties at a density of 1615 cm × 2.5–330,000 per acre, and late varieties at 1616 cm × 2.2–2.5 million per acre. Select healthy seedlings by size and plant them with 2–3 cm spacing. After planting, irrigate once, then again before winter and after spring green-up.
V. Field Management and Fertilization
Apply 10 kg of urea per mu in mid-December, mid-February, and mid-March. In early May, top-dress with 20 kg urea and 10 kg potassium sulfate. Keep the soil moist but avoid overwatering 10 days before harvest. Use Vitramine Growth Regulators (2 tablets per acre) when bulbs start to swell. Pinch off any premature bolting at the base to prevent flowering.
VI. Harvesting and Storage
Harvest in early June when the lower leaves turn yellow, the third and fourth layers remain green, and the pseudo-stems feel loose. Choose a sunny day for uprooting, and allow the onions to dry for 2–3 days in the field. During storage, keep the stem length around 1 inch and regularly transfer the onions. For long-term storage, spray 2500 ppm Qingxin 25 days before harvest to extend shelf life.
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