At present, the yellow skin onion has become a high-quality health vegetable that is widely exported and valued in foreign markets. It is especially popular in Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries, while the domestic market also shows strong demand. As a preferred variety for agricultural restructuring, it has gained significant attention in the Huaibei region.
I. Variety Selection and Sowing Date:
For early to mid-maturing varieties, imported options include Yuyu onions, Amber No. 2, and Takada Early Health No. 1. Domestic varieties such as Huang Gaosheng, Number One, and Early Life Topaz Green Onions are also commonly used. Late-maturing varieties mainly consist of imported seeds like Zhongjia Gaohuang, Improved Zhongjia Gaohuang, Purple Pihonghongyue Demonstration Variety, and Diest (a high-yield variety). In Luanxian, sowing typically occurs between September 7th and 10th.
II. Seedbed Preparation and Sowing:
To prepare one acre of land for planting, a seedbed of 40-50 square meters is required. The area should be on elevated ground, well-drained, and not planted with onions in the previous two years. Approximately 150 grams of imported seeds are needed per acre. Fungicides like carbendazim or mancozeb (100g) and insecticides like methylisothione (250-500g) should be applied. Additionally, 25kg of fully decomposed manure and 5kg of compound fertilizer are recommended. Some wheat straw is also useful for mulching. Soil preparation includes fertilization and application of pesticides before sowing.
The soil should be level and moist. Watering should be spaced at least six hours apart, with irrigation depth adjusted based on soil type—3-4 inches for sandy loam and 2-3 inches for clay. Seeds can be mixed with fine soil in a 3:1 ratio and evenly spread. After sowing, cover the seeds with about 1cm of soil, then add a plastic film and 2-3 inches of wheat straw for protection.
III. Seedling Management and Pest Control:
When 60% of the seedlings emerge from the soil, the covering can be removed in the evening. Once 80-90% have emerged, spray thiophanate-methyl to control blight, repeating every two days for three times. Watering after removing the film should be done carefully, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Typically, watering is done every 7-8 days initially, and then every 10-15 days later. Apply 5kg of urea per acre during watering. One month after sowing, apply 7.5kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. For pest resistance, mix urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (75g per kg of water). A week before transplanting, spray 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre.
Pest control measures include damping-off disease: spread 100-150kg of fine soil mixed with ash after drying in the afternoon, and treat with a 300-fold solution of 50% carbendazim. Insect pests during the seedling stage can be controlled by mixing insecticides with foliar sprays and adding a small amount of detergent to improve adhesion. This process is repeated 4-5 times during the seedling phase.
IV. Field Preparation and Transplanting:
Soil preparation involves mixing 2-3 cubic meters of chicken manure or 4-5 cubic meters of pig manure per mu. Inorganic fertilizers can be applied in three formulations: (1) 10kg urea, 50kg superphosphate, 20kg potassium sulfate; (2) 20kg diammonium phosphate, 20kg potassium sulfate, 20kg urea; (3) 50kg compound fertilizer containing N, P, K. If no organic manure is used, the formula can be doubled. Transplanting is usually done just before winter, with seedlings aged 55-60 days. Early-maturing varieties are transplanted from late October to early November, while mid-late varieties are transplanted around mid-November.
Planting density varies: early-maturing varieties are planted at 1615 cm spacing with 2.5-3.3 million per acre, while late-maturing varieties are planted at 1616 cm with 2.2-2.5 million per acre. Seedlings should be selected and sorted by size for even growth. After planting, water once, then again before winter, and finally when spring returns. Plant seedlings with 2-3cm spacing.
V. Field Management and Fertilizer & Watering:
After planting, water once. Then, water again before winter and once more when the plants turn green in spring. Fertilize in mid-December, mid-February, and mid-March with 10kg urea per mu. In early May, apply 20kg urea and 10kg potassium sulfate to the top of the onions. Ten days before harvest, stop watering to allow bulbs to mature. When bulbs begin to swell, apply Vitramine Growth Regulators (2 tablets per acre). Remove any premature bolting by pinching it off at the base.
VI. Harvesting and Storage:
Harvest in early June when the lower leaves turn yellow, the third and fourth layers remain green, and the pseudo stems become loose. Choose a sunny day, uproot the onions, and let them dry for 2-3 days. During storage, keep the stem length around 1 inch and regularly turn the onions. For long-term storage, spray 2500ppm Qingxin 25 days before harvest.
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