In winter, the reduced daylight hours require the use of artificial lighting to maintain optimal egg production in laying hens. Proper lighting management is essential for enhancing productivity. The duration of light exposure directly affects the hens' reproductive cycles, as increased light stimulates the release of sex hormones, which in turn boosts egg production. Conversely, shorter light periods can suppress hormone secretion, leading to lower egg output. To counter this, it's recommended to extend the daily lighting period by 0.5 to 1 hour compared to summer and autumn, keeping the total light time around 16 to 17 hours. This can be achieved by turning lights on earlier in the morning and off later in the evening.
Insulation is crucial during the cold winter months. Whether the chicken house is closed or open, effective insulation must be maintained to prevent heat loss and protect the hens from strong winds. Covering windows and doors with plastic sheets can help seal gaps and reduce drafts. Keeping the indoor temperature above 10°C is vital, as colder conditions can significantly reduce egg production. In poorly insulated houses, small flocks may benefit from supplemental heating methods such as stoves or heaters to maintain a stable environment.
Ventilation should not be neglected, even in cold weather. Many farmers focus only on sealing the house, but poor air quality due to ammonia and other harmful gases can negatively impact hen health and performance. It's important to balance insulation with proper ventilation. In enclosed houses, fans can be used periodically based on air quality. In larger facilities, adjusting fan usage according to temperature helps maintain good airflow without causing excessive cooling. For houses with windows, the number and size of openings should be adjusted depending on factors like flock density, temperature, and wind conditions.
Feeding practices should also be adjusted in winter. Hens need more energy to stay warm, so increasing feeding frequency can encourage higher feed intake. Ensuring that hens finish their meals before lights are turned off helps maximize nutrient consumption. Additionally, adjusting the feed formulation to include more energy and vitamins is beneficial. Winter diets should have an energy level of approximately 11.7 MJ per kilogram. Increasing vitamin A and D3 levels by double has been shown to improve egg production by up to 3.5%, according to research.
Disease prevention is another key factor in winter management. Dry air and poor ventilation increase dust and pathogen presence, making hens more susceptible to respiratory issues. Regular disinfection—every 3 to 5 days using products like 100 toxins—is essential. Monitoring antibody levels for Newcastle disease and taking preventive measures when necessary can help avoid outbreaks. Maintaining a clean and healthy environment is critical for sustaining high productivity throughout the winter season.
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