Roughage includes hay and straw feed. Due to the low content of nutrients in the roughage and the high cellulose content, the demand of livestock and poultry varies.
Demand for roughage in ruminant livestock
The content of cellulose in the roughage is more than 30%, and it plays a filling role in the digestive tract of ruminants and has the functions of promoting gastrointestinal motility and improving digestion. There must be sufficient amount of roughage in ruminant diets to fully utilize the effects of other feeds. Raised cattle and sheep and camels in ruminant livestock have higher digestive utilization of roughage. Under grazing conditions, natural grassland or artificial grassland can basically meet its nutritional needs. Under house-feeding conditions, ruminant livestock has a good use of straw feed, and roughage can account for 70%-80% of the diet. The digestibility of corn stalks ranges from 40% to 45%, and the digestibility of ammoniated corn stalks is 60%. Such as fattening bulls, daily feeding of 9 kg -10 kg of mashed corn stalks, combined with 3 kg of concentrate feed, the daily gain of up to 500 grams or more.
Demand for roughage from non-ruminous livestock
Non-ruminant animals refer to pigs in horses, baboons, donkeys, and omnivores in herbivores. Horses, baboons and donkeys have a more developed cecum and can use roughage in large quantities. However, roughage must be processed or mixed with appropriate amount of concentrate in order to achieve better feeding results. Pigs have poor digestion and absorption of roughage and must process the roughage into powder. The amount used is generally not more than 10% of the diet. High-quality grass powder can be slightly more, and straw powder generally accounts for 5%-6% of the diet. More negative effects will occur.
Poultry Demand for Roughage
Poultry has lower digestibility and utilization of roughage, and requires roughage to be high-quality grass flour, such as grass powder such as alfalfa and clover. Roughage mainly plays a role in promoting gastrointestinal motility in poultry breeding, while nutrients are supplied by concentrate feed. Gooses and ducks in poultry like to eat fresh grasses and wild vegetables, and the proportion of roughage in the diet can account for 5%. In the diet of broilers or layer chickens only accounted for 2%-3% of the roughage.
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