Branch blight fungal disease mainly damages the dried walnut branches, resulting in dead branches and withered stems. In severe cases, it can cause a large number of shoots to die and has a great impact on the yield. The disease begins with young shoots and then spreads down to the trunk. The affected branch cortex was dark gray at first, then turned reddish-brown at the end, and finally turned dark gray, and formed many small black spots (ie, the conidia plate of the pathogen). The leaves on the diseased branches gradually turned yellow and fell off, and the branches died. When the humidity is high, the disease minister produces a large number of black short columns (ie, conidia). Mycelia and conidia discs in winter in the diseased part of the disease, contagious spores are produced in late spring conditions, spread by wind and rain, insects. The onset usually begins in May-June, and the onset occurs in July-August; the incidence of severe branches and freezing injury or severe drought in spring is serious.
Control methods
(1) Agricultural control. Increase organic fertilizers, increase tree vigor, and increase disease resistance; timely cut off diseased branches in the growing season and burn them; autumn trees are painted white to prevent freezing damage; main diseases can be scraped off, and 1% copper sulfate solution is used to disinfect wounds. Apply a wound protection agent.
(2) Chemical control. In 6-8 months, use 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times or mancozeb WP 400-500 times to spray, spray once every 10 days, even spray 3-4 times, The effect is good.
The rot disease, also known as blackwater disease, fungal disease, mainly damages the walnut branches and stems, prevents nutrient transport, causes the growth of the trees to become weak, and the strength of the knots declines. The whole plant dies when severe. Symptoms vary according to the age and location of the disease. Sapling stems and branches of the lesions were dark gray, water stained, and slightly swollen. The diseased skin became dark brown and had distilleries. After the diseased tissue collapsed underwater, many small black spots were scattered on the lesion. The lesions develop longitudinally and longitudinally along the trunk, with the latter longitudinally dehiscent and flowing out of the black water. When the lesion is ringed on the trunk for one week, the main branch or whole plant of the young tree dies. After the trunk of the tree was infected, it was initially concealed in the bark and there were no obvious symptoms on the outside. When the continuum expanded, the bark opened and the black water flowed out. After drying, it seemed to be a layer of black paint. After vegetative shoots or 2-3 year old collateral sensation, the branches gradually lost chlorosis, the cortex and xylem were stripped, and the water loss was dry. The pathogenic bacteria live in the diseased part with mycelium or sub-spores and conidia. After the sap flowing in the spring, conidia are produced and transmitted through the wound by wind and rain and insects. The period of disease progression and germs activity was mainly from mid-April to late May, and the second episode peaked in August until the end of winter. The walnut trees with poor soil, poor drainage, extensive management, frost damage, and water loss due to drought are susceptible to disease.
Control methods
Strengthen cultivation and management, deepen the hole expansion, increase organic fertilizer, rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, improve the nutrient level of the tree, and enhance the ability to resist cold and disease. In combination with pruning, timely removal of diseased orchards, dead branches, dead trees, and concentrated burning of orchards. Apply white to the trunk before winter to prevent freezing damage. In the early spring and growing season, the lesions were scraped and treated in time. After the scraping, 50% thiophanate-methyl 50 times fluid or Baume 5-10 degrees lime sulfur was used to protect the wound.
Ulcer disease fungal diseases mainly damage the stems, shoots, and fruits of walnut tree saplings. In the beginning, they were brown and black near-circular lesions with a diameter of 0.1 to 2 cm. They mostly occurred at the base of the trunk and the main lateral branches. Some expand into diamond-shaped or elongated lesions. In the young and smooth bark, the lesions were water stains or obvious blisters. After the rupture, brown mucus came out. When the air turned dark brown, many small black spots were scattered in the diseased part. In severe cases, the lesions were connected. Diamond or bar. When the disease department expands to surround the branches and dry for one week, dry shoots, dead branches or whole plant deaths occur. Fall epidermis ruptured. In the older bark, the lesions were mostly water-stained and dark brown in the center, and the disease rotted deep into the xylem. After the fruit is damaged, it has brown round spots of varying sizes, which fall, shrink, or turn black and rot. The pathogens began to be active when the mycelium was overwintering in the diseased part and the temperature reached 11.4-15.3°C in the late spring. When the temperature was about 28°C in the late May, conidia were formed in a large quantity. The spread of wind and rain reached the peak and the summer temperature exceeded 30°C. At the time of the above, the disease basically stopped spreading. When the temperature and humidity were appropriate after the fall, the disease developed again but there was no heavy spring. Poor soil, soil viscosity, poor drainage, high groundwater level or extensive management, no fertilization, no pruning and frost damage, pests cause more wounds orchards susceptible to disease. In addition, there are many diseases on the trunk surface.
Control methods
Increase organic fertilizer or green manure, improve soil, and increase tree vigor. Reasonable pruning and shaping, improving the structure of the crown, and improving the utilization of light energy. The trunks are painted white in autumn and winter to prevent sunburn and freezing injury. The onset of spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, etc., or with a knife to scratch the diseased skin, deep to the xylem, and then treated with Baume 3-5 degrees lime sulfur mixture treatment, have a certain effect.
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