Scientific Name: Welwitschia florida
Common Names: Civil service flowers, azolla
Genus: Welwitschia
This species is native to northeastern, northern, and southern China, as well as parts of Russia, Japan, and North Korea. It thrives in warm and moist environments but is also cold-resistant and drought-tolerant. It prefers sunny conditions but can tolerate partial shade. The plant has strict soil requirements, growing best in rich, moist, and humus-rich soils.
Welwitschia florida is a deciduous shrub that typically reaches about 3 meters in height. Young branches are covered with fine hairs. The leaves are opposite, elliptic or ovate-elliptic in shape. The flowers are arranged in cymes, usually containing 1 to 4 flowers. They appear at the tips of branchlets or on leaf axils. The corolla is funnel-shaped, with a diameter of approximately 3 cm. The flowers range in color from purple to pale pink and bloom in May.
Several varieties and cultivars exist, including: 'Var. venusta' with beautiful flowers, 'f. alba' featuring white blossoms, 'cv. Versicolore' with variegated blooms, 'cv. Variegata' known for its colorful foliage, and 'Cv. Foliis Purpureis' which has purple leaves. Propagation can be done through seeds, cuttings, or ramets. Seeds should be sown at around 25°C, typically in spring. Germination usually occurs within 15 days. Cuttings are best taken in mid to late June from semi-lignified branches to promote rooting. Ramets are usually propagated before the spring growth period.
When planting bare-rooted geraniums, it's recommended to do so in early spring before the buds begin to open. In winter, water the plants once after the ground freezes. After each flowering season, pruning is necessary, and major pruning should be done every two to three years.
The main pests include barbed moths, cockroaches, and other similar insects. This plant is often described as having long, elegant stems and striking, brocade-like flowers. It is suitable for planting in front of courts, as a solitary specimen, or in corners. It also looks great when planted beside rockeries, pools, or along forest edges and lawns. Flowering branches can be used for floral arrangements.
The genus Welwitschia includes around 12 species, with several commonly cultivated ones such as W. japonica, W. praecox, W. floribunda, and W. coraensis. These plants are popular in gardens due to their ornamental value and adaptability to various growing conditions.
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