Cucumbers thrive in warm conditions and are somewhat cold-resistant, but they require a certain temperature fluctuation between day and night for optimal growth. The ideal temperature range for fertility is 18–30°C, with the most favorable being 24°C. Through acclimation to low temperatures, cucumbers can tolerate short-term exposure as low as 1°C, but frost damage may occur. At temperatures below 10°C, plants may exhibit developmental issues, while temperatures above 45°C will cause wilting. When temperatures exceed 32°C, respiration increases, leading to poor growth, and at over 40°C, the plant may stop growing altogether.
During the growth period, maintaining a temperature difference between day and night is essential. A typical daytime temperature should be 25–30°C, with nighttime temperatures ranging from 18–20°C in the middle of the night and dropping to 12–15°C later on. This creates a temperature difference of about 10°C. The cooler nighttime temperatures help reduce plant respiration, improve the transport of nutrients, prevent legginess, and ultimately increase yield.
For seed germination, the minimum temperature is 12.7°C, with a maximum of 38°C. The ideal germination temperature is 28–32°C. Growth slows significantly when temperatures fall below 18°C, and germination rates drop when temperatures exceed 35°C. Seedlings should not be exposed to temperatures below 13°C or above 33°C.
The optimal temperature for root development is 20–22°C, with a minimum of 12°C and a maximum of 38°C. Root activity increases significantly above 32°C, which can lead to excessive respiration and energy loss. Therefore, it's best to transplant cucumbers in early spring when temperatures remain consistently above 12°C to ensure healthy root establishment.
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