Lily is a unique and highly valued plant in China, appreciated both for its ornamental beauty and culinary use. It enjoys significant popularity in the international flower market, making it an excellent candidate for large-scale cultivation. Therefore, promoting its breeding on a larger scale is highly recommended.
There are four main methods for lily propagation: seed sowing, bulb division, scale cutting, and bud propagation. The method chosen depends on the specific needs and goals of the grower.
(1) Seed Propagation: This is a sexual reproduction method commonly used for breeding new varieties. Seeds are typically collected in the fall and stored until spring for sowing. After planting, germination usually occurs within a few weeks. Seedlings should be protected from direct sunlight. By the time autumn arrives, small bulbs will have formed underground, and the plants can be carefully dug up. However, the time it takes for seedlings to bloom varies depending on the species—some may flower in as little as three years, while others may take much longer. Due to this long maturation period, this method is not ideal for commercial production.
(2) Small Bulb Method: This technique is suitable for propagating a few strains or for home gardening. When harvesting lilies in September or October, small bulbs often form around the base of the old bulb. These can be separated, stored in sand indoors during winter, and planted in pots in the following spring. By the third year, these bulbs can grow into mature plants capable of blooming. However, this method produces only a limited number of plants, making it best suited for small-scale or family use.
(3) Scale Cutting Method: This is an effective method for medium-scale propagation. In the fall, fully developed bulbs are dug up, and thick, healthy scales are removed one by one. Each scale should include a small part of the basal plate and stem. After allowing them to dry slightly, the scales are placed in pots filled with river sand or vermiculite. They are inserted about two-thirds into the medium and kept moist. Under a temperature of around 20°C, roots begin to develop after about one and a half months. During winter, the temperature should be maintained at approximately 18°C, and the sand should not be too wet. In the following spring, small bulbs form at the base of each scale. These can then be separated and replanted for further growth, leading to flowering within a year with proper care.
(4) Bud Propagation: This method is applicable only to certain lily species, such as the Lilium brownii and Lilium concolor. It involves using the small bulbs that form on the stems and leaves of the plant, known as "bead bulbs." These are harvested when they are fully developed but not yet detached, usually during the summer. It typically takes 2–4 years from the formation of bead bulbs to the point where they can flower. To encourage more buds, after the plant has bloomed, the above-ground stems can be partially buried in soil or divided into sections and buried in wet sand. This encourages the development of additional bead bulbs between the leaves and the original buds.
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