Rice seedling diseases, such as damping-off, dry rot, blue-green death, and yellow wilting, are among the most common and destructive issues affecting rice crops. If not addressed early, these diseases can cause young buds and roots to rot, leading to weak or even no seedlings during transplanting. This ultimately affects the overall yield and quality of the harvest. To effectively manage and control these problems, the following practices should be implemented:
First, ensure proper field preparation and drainage. The seedbed should be levelled properly, with a bed width of 1.5 meters. Ditches should be dug around the beds—both inner and outer—to ensure efficient drainage. This helps prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot and poor growth. When the seedlings are ready for transplanting, the fields should be allowed to dry slightly, enabling the roots to establish firmly in the soil.
Second, implement scientific water management and fertilization. Avoid watering the seedlings in the morning, as this can promote disease development. Instead, use deep irrigation when necessary, especially in cold weather. During the early stages, after the first leaf unfolds, apply "dew water" to maintain moisture without overwatering. When the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, use the "melon skin water" technique, keeping the soil moist but not saturated. In case of cold spells, apply "waist water" to protect the plants. If rot is detected, drain the water and apply "Happy Valley Water" in the evening to help the seedlings recover.
Fertilization should follow a "small meals, frequent feedings" approach, focusing on increasing phosphorus and potassium levels. Use specific types of fertilizers at different growth stages: "rooting fertilizer" to support root development, "weaning fertilizer" to aid in the transition from seed to seedling, and "marriage fat" to boost overall plant health.
Lastly, chemical control is essential when necessary. At the stage when the seedling has one leaf and one heart, spray 30 ml of 30 mg per acre of 50% carbendazim WP. If damping-off occurs, repeat the spraying every five days. In cases where chemical burn or fertilizer damage causes seedling death, rinse the seedbed with clean water 2–3 times. Then, apply a solution of 50 mg of bacillatin in 50 kg of water to rescue the affected area.
By combining good field preparation, careful water and nutrient management, and timely chemical interventions, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of rice seedling diseases and ensure healthier, more productive crops.
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