Due to the advancement and application of modern breeding techniques, the productivity of ducks has significantly improved compared to the past. As a result, the nutritional requirements for duck feed have also become more demanding. Additionally, feed typically accounts for 60% to 80% of the total cost in duck farming. Therefore, farmers who produce their own feed must have a clear understanding of the roles and exact nutrient levels in different feed ingredients. By following feeding standards, they can formulate the most suitable rations that meet the nutritional needs of ducks at various growth stages. This not only helps reduce feeding costs but also enhances overall economic efficiency.
When preparing and storing duck feed, several important issues should be taken into consideration:
1. Ducks often consume fresh aquatic animals like fish, shrimp, and snails. These organisms contain thiaminase, a substance that can destroy vitamin B1. This makes ducks prone to vitamin B1 deficiency, especially in young ducklings, which commonly occurs within the first two weeks of life. Therefore, if ducks have access to such animals, it is essential to increase the vitamin B1 content in their diet, particularly for young birds.
2. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in laying ducks, usually due to inadequate dietary intake or insufficient exposure to sunlight. Affected ducks may show poor growth, disorganized feathers, reduced egg production, and weak or soft-shelled eggs. To prevent this, it is common to supplement duck feed with cod liver oil or vitamins A, D3, and E.
3. Ducks typically lay eggs in the early morning. To ensure strong eggshells, ducks need to maintain high blood calcium levels during this time. Otherwise, they may produce sand-shell eggs or misshapen eggs, leading to lower production. When formulating feed for laying ducks, it’s important to include both fast-acting and slow-releasing calcium sources. Commonly used calcium sources include limestone powder and shell powder, which are often combined for optimal results.
4. Feed ingredients and finished feed should be stored in a well-ventilated, dark, and dry area to prevent fat oxidation and the destruction of vitamins like A and E. It's also advisable to place a moisture-proof layer between the feed and the ground to avoid dampness and mold growth. Moldy feed can lead to poisoning, diarrhea, and other health issues in ducks. Additionally, proper pest and rodent control measures should be implemented in feed storage areas to ensure feed safety and quality.
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