As spring approaches, the outdoor temperature gradually rises, and daylight hours become longer. This period is ideal for raising chickens and marks a critical phase in the annual brooding cycle. However, it also brings challenges, as pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply, weather patterns become unpredictable, and there are significant temperature fluctuations between day and night. Therefore, proper management during this time is essential to ensure healthy chick development.
Spring chicks, hatched between March and April each year, benefit from the warming climate in northern regions, which supports their growth and improves brooding survival rates. These chicks typically start laying eggs in August or September of the same year, helping to meet the demand for fresh eggs during off-season periods. The egg-laying period can continue until the end of the following fall, making this a highly profitable season for poultry farmers.
Late spring chicks, hatched between April and May, enjoy milder temperatures, which makes management easier and reduces heating costs. Their survival rate tends to be higher, and they usually start producing eggs in late autumn or early winter, just before the Spring Festival. During this time, egg prices are generally higher, leading to better economic returns.
High-temperature brooding is crucial for newly hatched chicks, as their yolk sac may not be fully absorbed, leaving them weak and more susceptible to disease. Maintaining a temperature of 35–36°C in the first week, then decreasing by 2°C each subsequent week, helps promote yolk absorption and lowers mortality rates.
Humidity control is equally important. High temperatures during brooding can lead to dry air, causing dust and increasing the risk of respiratory issues like foreign body bronchitis. To maintain proper humidity (65–70%), regular misting with a disinfectant spray or placing a pot of water on the stove can help. This not only increases moisture levels but also aids in sanitation.
Beak trimming is an important practice to prevent pecking and cannibalism among chicks. It is typically done for the first time between 6–10 days of age, and again at 14–16 weeks. A special tool is used to trim the upper beak by 1/2 to 2/3, and the lower beak by 1/3. Some farmers are hesitant due to concerns about paralysis, but excessive trimming can lead to complications such as sarcomas, which can hinder feeding and growth. Proper trimming should be done carefully to avoid these issues.
Ventilation is vital, especially during the first two weeks, when chicks are still sensitive. As they grow, ventilation needs to increase, particularly in the third week. Improved airflow ensures adequate oxygen supply and helps reduce harmful gases like ammonia, carbon dioxide, and dust. In spring, it's important to balance ventilation with insulation to maintain a clean and healthy environment, reducing the risk of respiratory and digestive diseases.
Common diseases during brooding include coccidiosis, omphalitis, enteritis, and infectious bursal disease. Regular medication and timely vaccination are necessary to prevent outbreaks and maintain flock health.
By implementing these management practices, poultry farmers can ensure a successful and profitable spring brooding season.
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