Tomatoes grow quickly in the fall and should be transplanted into a nutrition cup within 15 days after transplanting. It is best to use new shoots for transplanting. When moving seedlings, make sure the soil is thoroughly watered, and avoid dry surface soil. If the soil becomes very dry and temperatures are high after transplanting, consider furrow irrigation to lower the soil temperature and reduce stress on the plants.
Tomato viruses thrive in high temperatures and require multiple preventive measures. Use sprays such as Virus A, Virus Spirit, or plant growth regulators to control the spread of the virus effectively.
Bacterial wilt typically appears during the flowering stage, but young seedlings in hot and rainy conditions are more vulnerable. Symptoms include lighter leaf color and wilting, starting from the top leaves and becoming most noticeable around midday. By early evening, the leaves may appear normal again, but repeated episodes lead to worsening wilting that progresses from the top down. Eventually, the leaves no longer recover, and the entire plant dies. The time from initial symptoms to plant death usually takes 3–5 days, but this can extend to 7–10 days if the weather is wet. Control methods include cooling the soil, disinfecting it, and using antibiotics like streptomycin, chloramphenicol, or erythromycin for irrigation.
Autumn green beans have a shorter growing period and face challenging environmental conditions. Choose heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and adaptable varieties with intermediate or short-day photoperiod responses. These types tend to have higher scab rates and earlier maturity. Increasing planting density slightly can improve yield. Four-season beans generally have a shorter growth cycle than spring varieties, with less branching and weaker growth potential. Proper spacing and care are essential for optimal results.
For base fertilizer, apply 3,000 kg per mu of organic manure, 40 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. Avoid excessive nitrogen, and add lime to acidic soils. In autumn, top-dressing should begin before flowering and continue during the rainy season, applying in small amounts at first and increasing gradually—usually four times. Keep the soil moist during high temperatures and drought. Once the vines start to develop, provide support structures to guide them, improving air circulation and light exposure, which helps promote flowering and pod development.
High humidity and temperatures in autumn create favorable conditions for pests and diseases. Common issues include rust, aphids, stink bugs, and locusts. Treat these with fungicides like chlorothalonil and insecticides such as dichlorvos or farmland music.
Chinese cabbage cultivation requires effective disease prevention and high-yield techniques. Select disease-resistant varieties and use raised beds for better drainage. Seed treatment with chemicals or disinfectants can help prevent diseases like soft rot and black rot. Sowing is usually done 3–5 days after the start of autumn, preferably in the afternoon so that seedlings emerge by the third evening and can tolerate sunlight better after a night of growth.
Seedling management includes proper thinning, weeding, and tilling. Follow the principle of "shallow, double, deep, and triple without damaging roots." Raised beds should be designed with deep ditches for good drainage. Watering should be done alongside fertilization, keeping the soil dry in the early stages and moist during the heading phase. Ten days before harvest, lift the outer leaves and wrap them with straw to protect against frost and mechanical damage. For late-maturing varieties, extend the growing period as much as possible, but ensure harvesting before the first frost.
Monitor for pests such as downy mildew, nematodes, earthworms, and underground insects. Timely intervention is crucial for maintaining healthy crops.
Chili peppers benefit from a specific seed preparation process. Soak seeds in fresh water for 5 hours, then treat them in solutions like 1% copper sulfate, 10% trisodium phosphate, or 2% sodium hydroxide for 10 minutes. After soaking, place the seeds in a damp cloth and germinate them in a warm environment. Maintain a temperature of 28°C–30°C for 18 hours and 16°C–20°C for 6 hours daily, turning and rinsing twice a day. Germination usually occurs within 4–7 days, and once over 80% of seeds have sprouted, cool them to 10°C for 7 hours to harden the seedlings before sowing.
When seedlings have 4–5 true leaves, transplant them into 10 cm square holes. Move them to adjacent areas for further growth. Once they reach 10–20 true leaves and are 90–110 days old, they can be transplanted on sunny days. Other management practices follow standard techniques, ensuring strong and healthy plant development. This method can increase chili yields by over 150 kg per acre and boost economic returns by 30%.
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