As spring approaches, the temperature outside gradually rises, and natural sunlight becomes more abundant. This period is ideal for raising chickens and marks a critical phase in the annual brooding cycle. However, with the warming weather, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply, and climate conditions become more variable, with significant temperature differences between day and night. Therefore, special attention must be given to the management of chicks during this time.
Chicks hatched from March to April each year are known as spring chicks. In northern regions, the climate begins to warm up, which is highly beneficial for chick development and results in a high survival rate. These chickens typically start laying eggs in August or September of the same year, filling the gap in the off-season egg market. The egg production can continue until the end of the following fall, offering higher economic returns.
Late spring chicks, hatched between April and May, benefit from even warmer temperatures, making management easier and reducing the need for insulation. Their survival rate tends to be higher, and they are usually ready for egg production in late autumn or early winter, when egg prices peak before the Spring Festival, leading to better profit margins.
High-temperature brooding is essential for newly hatched chicks, as their yolk sacs may not be fully absorbed, leaving them weak and vulnerable. Maintaining temperatures between 35–36°C during the first week and decreasing by 2°C each subsequent week helps improve yolk absorption and lowers mortality rates.
Humidity control is also crucial during brooding. High temperatures can lead to dry air, causing dust and increasing the risk of respiratory issues like foreign body bronchitis. To maintain proper humidity (65–70%), regular misting with disinfectant solutions or placing a pot of water on the stove can help. This not only increases humidity but also aids in disinfection.
Beak trimming is an important practice to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism. It is typically done for the first time between 6–10 days of age and again at 14–16 weeks. The upper 1/2 to 2/3 of the beak is trimmed, while 1/3 is left intact. Over-trimming can cause health issues such as lameness, which can affect feeding and growth. Some farmers avoid trimming due to fear of complications, but it's essential to prevent problems during the laying period.
Ventilation is especially important during the first two weeks, but should never be neglected. As the chickens grow, ventilation needs to increase, particularly in the third week. Proper airflow ensures adequate oxygen supply and reduces harmful gases like ammonia and carbon dioxide, helping to maintain a clean and healthy environment. This is vital for preventing respiratory and digestive diseases.
Common diseases during the brooding period include coccidiosis, omphalitis, enteritis, infectious bursal disease, and fowl pox. Regular medication and timely vaccinations are necessary to keep the flock healthy and productive. A proactive approach to health management can significantly reduce losses and ensure successful brooding.
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