In 2006, a significant outbreak of Chinese cabbage heartburn occurred in Funan County, Tangshan City, leading to a major backlog in cabbage sales. As the planting season approaches, the author has compiled relevant data and practical experience to provide an in-depth overview of the symptoms, causes, and effective prevention strategies for this disease.
First, the symptoms. Chinese cabbage heartburn typically appears during the rosette stage, becoming more evident after the head forms and reaching its peak severity during storage. Affected plants show curled leaf edges that gradually dry and turn yellow. As the condition progresses, the upper parts of the leaves also become dry and brittle, resembling paper-like texture. The diseased leaves are clearly distinguishable from healthy ones, with the most severe cases showing yellowing concentrated in the middle of the head, significantly affecting the quality of the cabbage.
Second, the causes. This is a physiological disorder primarily caused by factors such as overplanting, drought, and excessive use of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. These conditions can lead to a deficiency of water-soluble calcium in the soil, which in turn reduces the manganese content. A lack of manganese is a key factor in the development of heartburn in Chinese cabbage.
Third, prevention and control measures. Once the disease occurs, it's challenging to reverse, so prevention is crucial. When selecting fields, it's recommended to avoid areas where cruciferous vegetables have been grown within the past 2–3 years to prevent replanting issues. Fertilization should be balanced—using sufficient base fertilizer, along with appropriate top-dressing, organic manure, and moderate chemical fertilizers. Excessive nitrogen, especially ammonium sulfate, should be avoided, while phosphorus and potassium should be increased to support balanced nutrient uptake and enhance the plant’s resistance to disease.
Maintaining adequate moisture throughout the growth period is essential, particularly to ensure sufficient water-soluble manganese in the soil. Watering should be timely, especially during the seedling and rosette stages, to keep the soil consistently moist and prevent drought stress. During these critical periods, applying a 0.7% manganese sulfate solution through foliar spraying—about 50 liters per acre, repeated 2–3 times—can effectively meet the plant’s manganese requirements and help prevent heartburn.
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