The standardization of winter wheat water-saving sowing technology is applicable to the plough layer soil is loam soil, the soil body is mainly loam or loam soil and clay, the soil layer is deep, and the soil moisture is strong. Wheat standardized sowing techniques include 10 technical links for soil preparation and sowing.
High-quality land preparation technology
Before returning the straw to the field, the crop was corn. From the beginning of corn harvest, straw returning, soil preparation, and sowing should be carried out according to the standardized operation procedures. When the corn is harvested mechanically or after harvesting, the straw is crushed in the field for 2 to 3 times, the length is crushed by 3 to 5 centimeters, and the site preparation is completed before the broadcast.
The planting of wheat must be sufficient for the sowing of wheat seedlings. This is a necessary precondition for ensuring the complete water-saving cultivation of wheat, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, and wintering. The index of wheat sowing at the bottom of the crop is that the soil water content in the plough layer is more than 70% of the field water holding capacity (that is, the earthworms hold the soil in place to make it scattered). When the bottom is full, it can be sown. When the bottom squat is insufficient, on the premise of guaranteeing timely sowing of wheat, the corn shall be watered and smashed timely after harvest, and the bottom sluice shall be built in accordance with the principle of “Ning late and not excessiveâ€. The amount of irrigation water at the bottom shall be 20 to 40 cubic meters per mu. Advocate 10 to 15 days before the harvest of corn with a stumbling area, to achieve a dual-purpose water, both to promote corn grouting can also be planted for wheat planting pods, per acre irrigation volume of 20 to 30 cubic meters. Heavy clay land can be watered with the headwater timely after sowing.
Apply base fertilizer to the base fertilizer of wheat according to the ground conditions and fertilizer sources, apply organic fertilizer in an appropriate amount, and apply 200-250 kg of dried chicken manure per mu, or 1.5-2.0 m3 of other organic fertilizer. The general chemical fertilizer application amount is 7~7.5kg of pure nitrogen per acre in the winter wheat area of ​​piedmont plain, 7~8kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 5~7kg of potassium oxide, 1~1.5kg of zinc sulfate, and Heilonggang winter wheat area. Apply 7-8 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, 8-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 4-6 kg of potassium oxide, 1 kg to 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, and 6-7 kg of pure nitrogen per acre at the end of winter in Yongdong Plain. , Phosphorus pentoxide 7 ~ 8 kg, potassium oxide 4 ~ 6 kg, zinc sulfate 1 ~ 1.5 kg.
After the straw is returned to the field for fine preparation, the soil preparation before sowing is usually carried out with 2 times of rotary tillage, and the depth of rotary tillage is about 15 centimeters. The land that has been rotary tilled for more than 3 years must be loosened by more than 25 cm and can also be plowed. Land preparation. After rotary tilling, deep loosening or plowing, it is necessary to carry out hoeing and hoeing, so that cultivating the levees on the imaginary surface and the soil surface are fine and flat. The use of underground pipelines to transport water and Xiaobailong irrigation is advocated, and the use of above-ground ridge ditch for water conveyance is not more than 0.7 meters in width.
Fine seeding technology
Preserving seeds before sowing and seed dressing is an important measure to guarantee Miao-Qi and Miao- Zhuang. It is mainly used to prevent soil-borne and species-borne diseases and underground pests, and uses insecticides, fungicides, and growth-regulating substances to coat or seed dressings. Pest and pest mixed area should use insecticide and fungicides mixed seed dressing. Focus on the prevention of root rot, sheath blight, total erosion, smut, and planthoppers, cockroaches, wireworms, cockroaches, etc.
During the sowing period, the winter sowing cultivars should have a daily average temperature of 16 to 18°C, and the semi-wintering cultivars should have a suitable sowing date at a daily average temperature of 14 to 16°C. In general years from north to south, the suitable sowing period for the winter wheat region of the Eastern Gansu Plain is from September 27 to October 6; the suitable sowing period for the north of Baoding and the central part of Langfang in the winter wheat region of the piedmont plain and the winter wheat district of Heilonggang plain is 10 On the 1st to the 7th of the month, the suitable sowing date for Xingtai and Yu is October 8-17. Suitable sowing period, sowing rate per acre 10 to 13 kg. Each time sowing is postponed for 1 day, the seeding rate per acre will increase by 0.5-0.6 kg.
The sowing form is used for equal spacing mechanical drilling, 12 to 15 cm spacing, uniform sowing, to ensure that the field emergence neat and consistent. Heilonggang middle and low-yield areas can use uniform broadcast technology.
Seeding depth depth of 3 to 5 cm. In this depth range, it is necessary to grasp the early sowing and deepening, and the late sowing should be shallow; the partial sand should be deep, and the clay land should be shallow; the ytterbium should be deep and the lyrical condition should be shallow.
After sowing, the plant was pressed and sown, and a special repressor was used to perform a strong repression of 1 to 2 times. The weight of the repressor was 100 to 150 kg/extender. After repression, it is best to use iron shovels again to ensure the surface clay.
Building small loquats with small loquat irrigation can effectively save the amount of irrigation water. According to the direction of the plots, it is generally 5 to 7 meters wide, 7 to 9 meters long, and 40 to 60 square meters in area. The width and length of the bustle should not be too narrow or too long.
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