With the large-scale and industrialized development of China's aquaculture industry, the number and scale of breeding poultry farms are also rising. How to improve the economic efficiency of breeding farms? I believe that mainly depends on the following two aspects, namely the fertilization rate and hatching rate of eggs. Egg fertilization rate and hatching rate are affected not only by the feeding and management of cocks and hens, but also by the quality of eggs, the storage time of eggs, and the temperature and humidity control at the time of hatching. First, to improve the fertilization rate of eggs
The fertility rate of eggs is the key to determining the breeding speed of poultry, and it also directly affects the reputation and economic benefits of the breeding farm. In the management of breeding birds, measures should be taken from the following four aspects to ensure the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs.
(I) Strengthening the breeding and management of breeding birds is the basis for raising the fertility rate of breeding eggs
In addition to the feeding and management measures for poultry in general, the breeding and management of breeding birds should also strengthen the following aspects of management.
1. Scientifically select, cultivate, and establish excellent flocks in a timely manner, and the proportion of males and females should be appropriate.
2, strengthen nutrition, pay attention to nutritional balance, especially the balance of amino acids, vitamins, minerals. To prevent excessive growth or slow growth, too fat or too thin and so on.
3. Strengthen sports and enhance the physical constitution of breeders. It is advisable to keep the cages isolated and reared separately after the rearing of the breeding birds to prevent truss damage or other damage.
4. It is not appropriate to breed moults for breeding birds so as not to affect their service life and fertilization rate.
(B) The source of high-quality semen is the prerequisite for improving the fertility rate of eggs
The semen quality of a male bird directly affects the level of fertilization. The quality of the semen in the flock is determined by the quality of the semen in each bird. Therefore, the harvesting of public birds must be carried out at the appropriate age and must be trained in sperm collection. Semen quality should be evaluated and identified regularly and irregularly before and after mating. If they do not meet the requirements, the corresponding poultry should be removed and supplemented
(3) The quality of artificial insemination is the key to improve the fertilization rate of eggs
Artificial spermatricians should have a wealth of artificial insemination knowledge and related knowledge, such as sperm collection time, frequency of semen collection, semen preservation temperature, environment, insemination time, insemination site, interval time on the fertility rate and so on. Must master the technical operation essentials of artificial insemination (including sperm collection, semen quality inspection, semen preservation and insemination), precautions and practical production experience, so as to ensure the quality of artificial insemination, and then increase the fertilization rate of eggs.
(IV) Strengthening personnel management is the fundamental to improving the fertility rate of eggs
The husbandry and management personnel and artificial insemination technicians should strengthen their sense of responsibility, keep learning, and improve the raising level, management level and technical level. Technical operations should be conducted strictly in accordance with requirements and skilled in specification. Each group of poultry breeding management personnel and inseminators should be relatively fixed, and a strict reward and punishment system in order to achieve a stable increase in fertility rate of eggs.
Second, improve the hatching rate of eggs
It is very important to maintain the hatching potential of breeding eggs. It is affected by many aspects such as breeder breeding management, egg processing and hatching management. Under normal circumstances, the average difference between fertilization rate and hatching rate is about 10%, young hens may be only 5% to 6%, and the poor management, weight obesity or old chickens, the difference is as high as 16% to 18%. Even during the time from when the eggs are laid down to the hatchery, many eggs can lose their ability to hatch healthy chicks due to errors in the handling of the eggs. In the chicken industry, raising the hatching rate of the hatching eggs and reducing the cost of the chicks have extremely realistic economic significance.
Poultry hatching plays a very important role in modern poultry production. In order to obtain qualified chicks and obtain good economic benefits, it is necessary to strengthen the management of breeding birds, eggs and hatchery.
(a) The level of fertilization in eggs is a prerequisite for determining hatching rate
Full-price compound feed is provided in the breeding of poultry to meet the normal growth and development of the breeding birds and the nutritional needs of the laying eggs, to maintain a good body condition, and to breed new birds to ensure the source of high-quality semen. And prevent the occurrence of diseases. Strengthen the selection of species of public birds and maintain an appropriate proportion of males and females.
(b) Ensure the quality of eggs before hatching
According to the source of eggs, egg weight, egg shape, eggshell quality, and cleanliness of the eggs, they are strictly selected according to the standard of eggs. The eggs are best incubated within 3 to 4 hours after the output, and the maximum length cannot exceed 7 days. The environment in which the eggs are stored should be clean and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and ventilation should be well understood. Before fumigation, fumigation must be performed.
(c) Ensure proper incubation conditions
Eggs hatch only when they are under suitable conditions. According to different climatic conditions, differences in the type of incubator, genetic quality of eggs, the number of eggs hatched, and other factors, to properly grasp the appropriate incubation temperature and humidity, maintain good ventilation, and egg turning, cool egg technology is hatching The prerequisite for success. In actual production, we must pay special attention to “see fetal temperature,†and judge the incubation temperature by judging the eggs (in chickens, for example, look at the feces of Shi Wen’s mouth: 3 days of pre-examination “mosquito†clearance, and 4 days of “spiderâ€). After five days of shelling, it was just "beading." The first stage was completed; six days of "double bead" had emerged, and seven sinks and eight floated back "put the edge", and 9 days "initiated" to grow fiercely and stabilize the temperature. In fact, it was important that 11 days ago all "closed" and the second phase was completed; afterwards, the change was not obvious, the blood vessel thickened gradually, and it was "closed" on the 17th day. The third phase was also completed; the egg temperature gradually increased and the eyelid was later. The temperature is important; the two methods work together, and the hatching effect will be better.) Keep the air in the hatchery and the hatchery fresh and clean. Grasp the two key periods in the hatching process, that is, pre-hatching (1-7d) pay attention to insulation, post-hatching (chicken 18 ~ 21d, ducks 24 ~ 28d, goose 26 ~ 31d) pay attention to ventilation.
(D) rational design of the hatching process, strict disinfection procedures
Incubator design should be reasonable, egg quality inspection, storage, disinfection, hatching, hatching, brooding and hatchlings should be isolated. Eggs should be flowed in a sequence to reduce the chance of cross-linking and disease re-infection. Keep the interior and exterior of the hatchery clean and sanitize the hatchery room environment and incubators. Eggs should be carefully fumigated after the eggs are collected and before they are hatched. After the turntable, the flocking machine must be fumigated.
Surgical Drapes,Nonwoven Surgical Drape,Sterile Surgical Drapes,Disposable Surgical Drapes
Xinxiang Huaxi Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. , https://www.huaximedical.com