At present, with the summer harvest entering a climax, the summer plant and the summer tube have been put on the agenda. In order to strengthen the guidance of scientific fertilization for major crops in summer, increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, increase crop yields, increase farmers' income, and sustainable agricultural development, the Ministry of Agriculture recently released the Guidance Opinions on Scientific Fertilization Techniques for Main Crops in Summer 2012.
The scientific fertilization technical guidance was formulated by the expert group of soil testing and fertilizer application of the Ministry of Agriculture on the basis of the characteristics of main crops needed fertilizer in summer and the results of soil testing and formulating fertilization projects. It puts forward the principle of fertilization for the classification of summer maize and vegetables in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Combined with the soil characteristics of different regions, the planting patterns of different crops, and the target yield, it proposes the corresponding quantity and proportion of fertilization in different regions and sub-species. Precautions.
The expert group of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization of the Ministry of Agriculture proposed that all localities should focus on the three goals of “promoting production, improving efficiency, and ensuring safetyâ€, insisting on increasing fertility, economic fertilization, and environmental fertilization, combining scientific fertilization with fertility, and high yields. Combining high-quality cultivation techniques with mechanized operations, spreading techniques such as deep tillage, straw return, soil improvement, and application of organic fertilizers in accordance with local conditions, and rationally managing fertilizer and water management, guiding farmers to gradually realize accurate fertilization, rational fertilization and fertilization. Appropriate, appropriate fertilization methods, and constantly improve fertilizer utilization.
Facilities cucumber fertilization measures
1, fertilization principle
The use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for cucumbers in facilities is generally high, which may cause nutrient accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, imbalance in the supply of nutrient between nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the reduction in yield and quality of cucumber. The principles for determining fertilization are:
(1) Apply organic manure as the main factor to improve soil fertility.
(2) With the combination of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer, during the critical period of nutrient demand and the maximum efficiency period, the nutrient needs are chased in different times.
(3) Apply nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and boron in the timely manner to prevent physiological diseases in the cucumber facilities, affecting yield and quality.
(4) Closely combine fertilization and irrigation to reduce nutrient losses and increase nutrient utilization. Using sub-film furrow irrigation and drip irrigation, the amount of irrigation water does not exceed 30 cubic meters per mu at a time, and sand is generally suitable for 20 cubic meters.
2. Fertilizer amount and proportion
(1) Determine the appropriate type and amount of fertilizer based on the target yield. The target output is 4000-6000 kg/mu plot, 500-800 kg organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer), 25-30 kg nitrogen fertilizer (N), 8-12 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 30 kg potassium fertilizer (K2O). 35 kg. The target output is 7,000 to 10,000 kilograms per mu of land, 800 to 1,000 kilograms of organic manure (commercial organic fertilizer), 35 to 40 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 15 to 20 kilograms of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (K2O)35. ~ 40 kg. The target output is a plot of 11,000 to 13,000 kg/mu, 800 to 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer), 45 to 55 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 20 to 25 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), and 40 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). ~ 45 kg. The target output is a plot of 14,000 to 16,000 kg/mu, 1000 to 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer), 50 to 60 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 25 to 30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (K2O). ~ 50 kg.
(2) In the early stage of cucumber fertilization, to control the main guarantee of late growth. Organic manure and phosphate fertilizer were all applied as base fertilizer, 10% to 20% of nitrogen fertilizer and 20% to 30% of potash fertilizer were used as base fertilizer. The rest of nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer were chased by nutrient requirement in the early flowering period and fruiting period. Nitrogen fertilizer application (N) must not exceed 6 kg/mu.
(3) In the acidic soil plot, 100-150 kilograms of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are applied to correct physiological calcium and magnesium deficiency in cucumbers; 0.15% to 0.2% borax solution.
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