In constructing a single-span greenhouse, as long as the azimuth is correct, it is not necessary to consider site planning. If building a greenhouse group, it is necessary to rationally arrange the greenhouse and its auxiliary facilities in order to reduce land occupation, increase land utilization, and reduce production costs.
1Architectural composition and layout
A certain number of greenhouse groups, in addition to the greenhouse cultivation area, must also have corresponding auxiliary facilities to ensure the normal and safe production of the greenhouse. These auxiliary facilities mainly include plumbing facilities, control rooms, processing rooms, preservation rooms, disinfection rooms, warehouses, and office lounges.
In the overall arrangement, priority should be given to the greenhouse group in the planting area so that it is in the best location for the lighting and ventilation of the site.
Warehouses, boiler rooms, and water towers for auxiliary facilities should be built on the northern side of the greenhouse group to avoid shading; chimneys should be placed below the prevailing wind direction so as to prevent large amounts of smoke and dust from falling on the covering materials and affecting daylighting; processing, preservation rooms and warehouses, etc. It is necessary to ensure the connection with the cultivation area, but also to facilitate transportation.
2 Greenhouse spacing
In order to reduce land occupation and improve land use efficiency, the spacing between adjacent buildings should not be too large, but it must be ensured that under the most unfavorable circumstances, the front and rear shades will not be premised.
Generally, the shadow of the greenhouse before the noon of the winter solstice day will not affect the rear-row lighting as the standard of calculation. The higher the latitude, the smaller the solar elevation angle on the winter solstice, the longer the shadow, and the greater the gap between the front and the rear.
3 Orientation of the greenhouse
In the general layout of greenhouse groups, it is very important to choose the building orientation of greenhouses. The building orientation of greenhouses is usually not related to the cost of greenhouses, but it is very similar to the lighting environment formed by greenhouses and the total economic benefits. close relationship. The so-called orientation of the greenhouse is the orientation of the roof of the greenhouse, facing the greenhouse in the south, and its architectural orientation is east-west.
Our preliminary research results on glass greenhouses and suggestions for the construction of glass or PC board greenhouses are shown in the table below. As the location of the greenhouse increases, the increase in latitude increases the daily average transmittance of the E-W (east-west) azimuth greenhouse over the N-S (south-north) azimuth. After analysis, it can be roughly summed up as follows: For glass greenhouses (direct light-based) greenhouses dominated by winter production, 40 latitudes of north latitude, and more than 40 areas, it is better to build in the direction of E—W; on the contrary, it is less than 40 areas are generally built in the N-S orientation. For E-W glass greenhouses, in order to increase the morning light, in order to facilitate the needs of plants in the photosynthesis intensity period, it is advisable to deflect slightly towards the east by 5-10.
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