As the saying goes: “The orchards do not have winter irrigation, they are cold and they are affected by drought; the orchards irrigate winter water and open the spring.†This means that the orchards are best to pour water once before the soil is frozen, and winter irrigation is also called irrigation of winter water.
First, the benefit of winter irrigation of fruit trees
1. Winter irrigation of fruit trees can improve the cold resistance of fruit trees and ensure the safe wintering of fruit trees.
2. Winter irrigation of fruit trees can accelerate the maturity of organic fertilizers, which is beneficial to the absorption of minerals by roots, increase the accumulation of nutrients by trees, increase the water content of soil, prevent spring drought, and increase the yield and quality of fruit trees.
3. Prevent drought. Winter irrigation and storage of water in the soil can not only improve the frost resistance of fruit trees, but also prevent winter and early spring drought. Winter irrigation increases the soil moisture, which can ease the contradiction between transpiration and water supply in winter, and can avoid dry freezing of fruit trees caused by physiological water loss. At the same time, due to the increase of soil moisture content, it is conducive to the absorption of water and nutrients by roots, thus increasing the frost resistance and drought resistance of fruit trees.
4, can prevent wind erosion. In winter, when the wind is dry, it is often the case that the wind blows the soil, the roots of the trees are exposed, and the frost damages the trees. The slope hilly land is light in soil, loose in soil, and poor in cohesion, while the winter irrigation can use the soil in a wet state, breeze, soil moisture and frost protection.
Second, the best period of winter irrigation
The time of winter irrigation of fruit trees is the appropriate period of winter irrigation after the fruit is harvested and before the soil is frozen. Winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is still relatively high, evaporation is large, is not conducive to water conservation, reducing the cold resistance of fruit trees. If it is too late, the temperature of the soil is too low, the soil is hardened, the water can't seep, the frozen water is frozen, and the roots of fruit trees are vulnerable to freezing. The time of winter irrigation of fruit trees is generally 5°C with average ground temperature of 5°C and temperature of 3°C. At this time, even if the nighttime temperature drops below 0°C, freezing occurs, but it can still be thawed after daytime temperature rises. Therefore, it is the best time for winter irrigation of fruit trees.
Third, the amount of irrigation
The amount of irrigation of fruit trees during winter irrigation is fully infiltrated into the ground on the day after irrigation. The water seeps into the root distribution layer, that is, 20-30 cm of young fruit trees, 70-100 cm of adult fruit trees, and 60%-80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity of soil moisture. It is suitable.
Fourth, winter irrigation method
1. Well farmers who have good well irrigation conditions adopt well irrigation methods to irrigate fruit trees, increase the nutrient composition of fruit trees, and increase the growth of fruit trees. Before the well irrigation, in the fruit trees, press the fruit trees to dig, dig, repair the drainage channel, open the gate to discharge water, and make irrigation and filling, so that the fruit trees can drink enough to increase the root water and increase the growth capacity.
2, watering the roots of 1-2 years fruit trees watered to water roots, perennial fruit trees with earthen pots an elliptic soil, earthworms 15-20 centimeters high, to prevent watering out, save water, reach the watering Concentrate, make the water-sink transparent. After the first day of watering, the soil is used the next day to cultivate the roots and cultivate the earth 15-20 centimeters to protect the roots.
3. Irrigation For drip irrigation orchards, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation can be used.
4. For the perennial fruit trees in the ditch, 50-70 centimeters away from the fruit tree, a small ditch around the fruit trees is poured, and the water is poured into the ditch. The water will sink to the root and be absorbed by the roots. If it is not permissible for the first time, after pouring it again the next day, fill the ditch with soil, and be practical, to prevent the frostbite from frosting the roots. When sulking and adding soil, take care not to hurt the roots. Otherwise it affects the growth of fruit trees.
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