Pig breeding should pay attention to "real temperature"

Temperature is an important environmental factor for pigs. Whether pigs of different types and stages are in a suitable temperature environment is closely related to whether pig production performance can function normally. In general, people mostly pay attention to the influence of “air temperature” on pigs, and often use a house temperature gauge to determine if the pigs are in the optimal temperature range. In fact, in many situations, "air temperature" does not really reflect whether the temperature environment meets the physiological needs of pigs. In recent years, some people have put forward the concept of "effective temperature" (also called real temperature or abdominal temperature), which refers to the temperature that the pig actually feels in the skin of its life.

We know that piglets are lying on their backs, and pigs and pigs lie on their side. In addition to feeding, drinking, excretion and certain activities, pigs mainly rely on lying and rest for more than 70% of the day. Obviously, the temperature environment in the rest area, especially the floor temperature environment, becomes the “temperature environment” that the pigs first need to regulate. According to the data, compared with the air temperature, in the wet state of the floor, the actual temperature of the pigs in winter and spring drops by more than 9°C, and the temperature in summer sense rises by more than 3°C. Therefore, the actual temperature can better reflect the true feelings of the pigs, not the temperature of people standing in the pig house. This can also explain why in the phase of suckling piglets, the use of infrared light irradiation and heat insulation combined with floor insulation measures (such as floor water heating, electric heating plate insulation, grass insulation, etc.), than the simple infrared light irradiation insulation effect is good.

The suckling piglet adopts the floor heating technology of the plumbing, and the piglet can no longer use the infrared lamp after being born for 5 days. The temperature of the plumbing in the floor of the incubator is sufficient to meet the demand of the piglet for the actual temperature. The technology can also provide comfortable temperature for the weaned piglets, creating a good welfare living environment for the pigs. Compared with the heat preservation method using power supply to heat the air, the energy consumption can be saved by more than 60%.

In the dry environment of the bar, the measurement of the actual temperature is recommended to be measured approximately 5 cm above the middle of the abdomen after the pig is lying down. The real temperature range of the different groups of pigs in different stages is as follows: boar 12°C-22°C, pregnant sows 15°C-23°C, sow suckling 16°C-22°C; piglets born 3 days 33°C-34 °C, 16-21 days (weaning) 29°C-30°C, 5 days after weaning 29°C-31°C, 16-25 days after weaning 23°-25°C, 46-100 days (shrunk) 15°C-22°C. It can be seen that piglets, especially newborn pigs and just weaned piglets, need a higher temperature of actual sensation, while excessively high sensible temperatures (such as summer) will have adverse effects on breeding pigs and middle-large pigs.

In some large-scale pig farms, the farrowing houses and nursery houses are heated by water heaters. It is important for the environmental management of these herds to keep the floor (bed surface) dry, non-slip, free-flowing, good air flow, heat stress, etc. It is unnecessary to adopt additional floor heating measures in the south, and it is worth exploring whether it can be used in cold seasons in the north.

Temperature is an important environmental factor for pig farmers to consider, and the concept of “real temperature” is established to help producers take more scientific and effective measures to implement insulation measures. Farmers should create a comfortable “real temperature” environment, take into account the environmental regulation of floor drying, air quality, and sanitation, as well as supply balanced feeds, adopt scientific on-site safety precautions, and implement procedures that are reasonable. By embodying the operation and management of pig welfare, pig farming will become more efficient and bring better benefits to farmers.

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