Rice rotting occurs in the rice area of ​​Yanjin County. When it is serious, it will cause insufficient seedlings, delaying agricultural time, affecting planting season and yield, so it is an important link for high yield and stable production of rice.
1, symptoms. The species of rotten roaches are complex and can be divided into two categories: physiological rotting and infestation rotting.
(1) Physiological rotting. Rotten species: refers to the non-germinating grains, rotted after falling. Bad shoots: Buds have died without turning green after falling. Normally, the shoots are bent, yellow-brown in color, and the growth is stagnant; in severe cases, the young roots are rotted, and the young buds are browned and dead; when the weather is warmer, the young sprouts are green at the base of the sprouts, and the leaves are removed again, gradually returning to life. There are two phenomena: the dead and the dead. Green withered seedlings: The cold and rainy days of the seedlings last for a long period of time. When the weather suddenly clears, there are often rapid deaths. The first was a new leaf cylinder roll. The rest of the leaves were then needled. The base was stained green, the leaf color was greener, and the whole plant was wilt. Yellow dead seedlings: The seedlings are low in temperature and have a short duration of rain. They often appear as yellow dead seedlings. Generally, the leaves of the seedlings turn yellow-brown and pile to death.
(2) Infectious rot. Blight: Many piles occur in fields with semi-arid, drought, flood, and plastic film breeding. Before and after emergence, young shoots and young roots become brown, distorted and rot; in the second and third leaf stages, the root color is not fresh, and it gradually turns yellow-brown, the base of the stem becomes brown, softens and rots, and then the heart leaves are wilted and curled. Blight or brownish dead. The sick seedlings grow white, pink or black mouldy. Cotton rot occurs mostly in leeches, producing milky white gel at the base of young roots and young shoots, and then grows white floc to four weeks, and then becomes brown or green. Become brown and die.
2. Control methods
(1) Selected grains: Before soaking seeds, do a good job of seed selection and drying, so that the seeds are pure, clean, and key to increase the seed germination rate and vitality.
(2) Choose and rectify Putian: Putian should choose to shelter from the wind, have a high topography, be convenient for irrigation and drainage, and have a medium fertility field. The land preparation strives to be fine, and it is necessary to achieve “flatness, deep ditch, smooth drainage, and good ventilationâ€.
(3) Improve soaking and germination techniques: When soaking germination, the temperature must be properly controlled. Requirements: high temperature 36 °C -38 °C dew white head, suitable temperature 30 °C -35 °C stable germination, cooling 20 °C -25 °C thin practise buds. Make buds homogeneous, uniform, short, and like.
(4) Improve the quality of sowing: According to the characteristics of varieties, ensure the appropriate sowing date, sowing amount and seedling age. After sowing, there must be 3-5 sunny days to help take root. After the broadcast, "collapsed cover ash," both thermal insulation and fertilizer.
(5) Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in Putian. Scientific management of water: sowing until the emergence of buds before the main ventilation support, Putian sculpins to keep moist, in order to facilitate long rooting; 2,3-leaf period of insulation and antifreeze-based, shallow water ground irrigation, to prevent dead seedlings; 3 leaves After the period, they can nurse their seedlings. 7 to 10 days after sowing, four defenses must be prepared, that is, prevent low temperature, rainwater, anti-tarpaulin board whitening, flood control board water. To manage the water in Putian, it is necessary to clear the water in a sunny day, ditch the water in a cloudy sky, and drain the water in rainy days. Reasonable fertilization: Basal fertilizer should be mixed with human fecal urine and phosphate fertilizer. Top dressing should be applied in different stages. After the seedlings are planted, “breaking roots†will be applied. Early in the 5 leaves stage, “weaning fertilizers†will be applied to promote hair roots and long leaves.
(6) Chemical control: Before sowing, sprinkle 50% dexamethasone 700-800 times liquid 1.5-2.0 kg per square meter. At the end of each leaf stage of the seedlings, 65-70 percent of the enemy is poured with 1000-300 grams of dexamethasone per square meter.
(7) First-aid measures: When fresh rot is found, immediately change to clean water, then drain, increase ventilation, and promote seedlings to quickly take root. At the same time, add decomposed thin human urine to promote the normal growth of seedlings. For Putian, which is dominated by cotton rot, Putian also irrigated 2-3 times with fresh water. Or drain and dry, and then use 5000 times the enemy cicada liquid, sprinkling 1000-1200 kilograms per acre, or use 2000 times copper sulfate solution, spray 100 kilograms per acre.
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