Covering mulch can make sesame yield more than 150 kilograms, or even more than 200 kilograms, so mulching is a cultivation measure to achieve sesame super high yield. However, in order to achieve a high yield of mulch film, we must grasp the following key technologies:
(1) Timely early sowing: One of the main reasons for the high yield of mulch film is the use of warming and heat preservation of the mulch to advance the sowing period, thereby making full use of the light and heat resources and tapping the high yield potential of sesame. Therefore, mulch film must be timely sowing, its suitable sowing date is from the end of April to early May. Although summer sesame seedlings have a large production increase effect by using plastic film, their high yield potential is limited and their economic benefits are also low. Of course, it would not be worthwhile to only plant spring sesame for one season a year. In order to increase the multiple cropping index and increase planting efficiency, it is possible to plant wintering and short-season vegetables (spinach, green vegetables, yellow cabbage, pea peas, early garlic, etc.) in front of sesame seeds, or use intercropping for intercropping. In the form of intercropping wheat and winter vegetables, after the early spring vegetables are harvested, the mulch film is planted and the wheat is harvested and then interplanted with summer cotton, sweet potato, and peanut.
(2) Choose middle and late mature sesame varieties with high yield potential: After mulching, the effective growth period of sesame is prolonged. Therefore, it is suitable to grow some middle and late mature sesame varieties with high tolerance to pods, diseases, and high yield, such as Yuzhi No. 5, No. 7, No. 8 and sesame hybrids. Only middle-late-maturing sesame seeds can be used to fully utilize the growing season and increase sesame yield.
(3) Increase fertilization materials, pay attention to fertilization techniques: film sesame long growth period, rapid growth, plant tall, must increase fertilization material to meet its demand for nutrients. At the same time, due to the increased likelihood of ground film sesame lodging, and the late fertility is also very easy to defertilize premature aging, so plastic film sesame is very particular about fertilization techniques. The principle of fertilization is: increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Under this principle, high phosphorus, high potassium, nitrogen, and nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium are close to 1:1:1. When the yield of sesame per mu is more than 200 dry grams, the three are each about 20 kilograms. In the fertilization method, the basic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplementing flowering topdressing and foliar dressing. Half of the total P and K fertilizers and total nitrogen were used as the base fertilizer, and the remaining half of the N fertilizer was used as top dressing. The time, amount, and method of topdressing should be based on sesame seedlings and weather. Miao weak early application, multiple Shi; Miao Zhuang Shi Shi, late or not applied. When drought occurs, fertilizer can be combined with irrigation. When the soil moisture is good, the fertilizer solution can be infused in the ridge jack (or topdressing with a top-dressing gun). At the same time, it can combine with disease prevention and pest control for foliar dressing. In addition, the application of trace elements such as boron, zinc, and manganese fertilizers should be considered under conditions of high sesame production.
(4) Chemical regulation: Before sowing, 100 mg/kg to 150 mg/g dry soaked in (ppm) shrinkage or spraying at the seedling stage 150 mg/kg (ppm) shrinkage to promote seedlings. At the bud stage, we sprayed plant growth regulators such as foliar seedlings and sprayed shoots, and sprayed 0.1%-0.2% borax, 0.1% urea, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote flower growth.
(5) Watering, Drought Control and Preventing Diseases and Diseases: The mulching of plastic film has some effect of preventing and fighting drought, but it is not absolute, especially when long-term continuous drought causes the growth of film sesame to be severely inhibited, and even when it is sealed early, it must be poured in time. water. In addition, in order to extend the photosynthetic functional period of sesame stems and leaves of mulch as much as possible, sesame leaf disease should be controlled by spraying once and twice 40% carbendazim 500 times to 700 times in sesame flowering period and capping period.
Sowing and management techniques for mulching mulch
In order to achieve a high yield of film sesame, in addition to grasping some key technical measures, we must also do a good job of sowing and management.
(1) Site preparation and ridging: In order to give full play to mulch cultivation, prevention of stains and disease prevention, mulch film must be ridged. Generally every 80 cm from a ridge, 45 cm wide ridge width, 35 cm wide, ridge height of about 10 cm. 2 rows per ridge, with an average spacing of 40 cm.
(2) sowing and filming: film sesame seeds can be drilled or sowed (on demand). In general, the film can be sown with a cover film, or it can be covered with a film and then punched, but it is better to cover the film first. Because mulch film sowing earlier, the temperature is very low, and the temperature within the film is high, after the first film covering the hole sowing, often because of sesame like special warmth, "craving" the warm environment inside the film without drilling hole sowing. The film width of mulch film for mulch film is 70 cm. In order to reduce the production cost, the linear low-density polyethylene film is generally used (where the local film thickness is 0.008 mm, about 6.5 kg of plastic film is required per mu). Membrane can be used mechanically or artificially, but must be flat ridges, mulch and soil surface, plastic film seal, all holes are covered with soil tight.
(3) Membrane breakdown, seedling emergence, and asking seedlings and seedlings: mulch sesame seeds were sown at the end of April and early May and generally emerged within 4 days and 5 days. Immediately after emergence, the membrane should be broken and the seedlings should be planted. The suitable planting density per acre for spring mulch mulching is about 9000, with an average spacing of 40 cm and a spacing of 19 cm. If you use on-demand, you can set the distance between points on demand; if you use the drill, you can break the film by planting seedlings. When opening the seedlings, the holes should not be too large, and two or three seedlings can be released from each hole. The soil around the seedlings is sealed. If sesame seedlings can not be planted in time after unearthing, they can be punctured and deflated on the mulch to reduce or avoid seedling burns, but the time is not too long. After the mulch film is put on seedlings, it can be seeded when it grows to three pairs of true leaves.
(4) Preventing and controlling sesame grass weed damage: After the mulching film is covered, the high temperature inside the film has a strong anti-grass effect. However, due to the early sowing of spring sesame seed film and the lower temperature, the conditions for the growth of weeds in the film can also be formed. In particular, when the mulching of the mulching film is not strict or there is damage or voids, the temperature rise and insulation effect in the film are reduced, and it is easier. Causes the growth of weeds in the membrane. Therefore, the plastic film must be closed tightly. At the same time, chemical weeding can be used to completely control weeds. There are two methods: one is to use the corresponding herbicide film according to the weed species; the other is to spray the pre-emergent soil treatment herbicide before filming after sowing. However, due to the high temperature inside the membrane and the high humidity, its amount should be reduced accordingly, which is generally 2/3 of the usual dosage (calculated according to the actual spraying area).
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