Stichopus japonicus is a valuable marine product with high nutritional health and medical value. It is the temperate species that has the largest edible value of more than 20 species of edible sea cucumbers recorded in China and is uniquely distributed in the waters of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. The development of artificial breeding has the ideal economic benefits and good prospects. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid by people. Based on past work experience and investigations and studies, the following brief introductions are made on the living habits of sea cucumber and the techniques for increasing culture. I. Habits and Physiological Ecology Sea cucumbers live in the shallow sea at the bottom of the reefs. They are especially fond of seaweeds. Stichopus japonicus is also distributed in the sand mud sediments of large algae living. There are few sea cucumbers in the bottom of pure mud. The highest food intake occurred in February-March and the lowest in August. Stichopus japonicus ingests sediments on the surface of the ocean floor, including phytoplankton, which is mainly composed of sand and mud particles, gravel, shell flakes, and the like, and diatoms mainly contained therein. Algae debris, protozoa, snails, and bivalves of larvae, cocklepods, shellfish shells, all kinds of organic debris and bacteria. Stichopus japonicus digests the organics that can be digested and absorbed in the diet. According to data, bacteria and micro benthic diatoms are the main foods for sediments of sea cucumbers. The optimum temperature for the growth of 2cm juveniles is 19-20°C, the suitable temperature range is 15-23°C, the growth temperature range is 0.5-30°C, and the optimum temperature for 5-9cm growth of sea cucumber is 10-15°C. The water temperature for the start of spawning of sea cucumber is 15-17°C, and the spawning water temperature is 17-20°C. The sea cucumber is slow to move and it can move 1 meter in 10 minutes. In areas where food is abundant and where the environment is suitable, the range of movement is smaller. In the high water temperature period, sea cucumbers do not move under the rocks or in the cocoon. The body shrinks and hardens, and sleeps in the summer. At the time of summer sleep, the water temperature is 20-24°C, but artificially cultivated juveniles weighing 2-8 g do not sleep at this temperature. Stichopus japonicus has strong regenerative capacity. If it is irritated or the water quality is too cloudy or the temperature changes too much, it can produce a “drainage phenomenon,†and then it can be grown under suitable conditions. Even if the body is cut in two, the part can still survive. . Second, seedlings middle breeding technology Objective: In order to provide a large-scale seedling for discharge and cultivation, the 1cm seedling that has just been released from him is bred in the middle to make it about 3cm long, and then used for releasing and breeding. 2. Method: (1) Middle breaming: Choose Inner Bay where the waves are calm, winds are small, and organic suspended matters are abundant. The cage is composed of metal framed outsourcing nets, with a specification of 0.60.80.4m. The net is 0.5mm screen mesh. Net clothing is replaced with the growth of individual sea cucumbers. The corrugated board is laid or placed in cages to increase the area of ​​attachment. In the middle of the above breeding cages, 500 can be placed in each pet, once a week, once in the seaweed, and then transferred to aquaculture or releasing from April to May of the following year. (2) Breeding of fixed pets on the sea floor: In the area of ​​the low tide line of sheltered waves, a large net cage of a metal frame of an externally-wrapped metal net is placed, stones are placed inside, and intermediate breeding is carried out. Third, the cultivation of sea cucumber 1. Sea bream culture: The farm is selected in Inner Bay, which is not affected by large wind waves. The culturing cages are hung under the axilla or submerged into the seabed for cultivation. During the cultivation, algae such as sargassum, sarcophagus and other algae are fed. 2. Pond culture: (1) Build a pool in a relatively flat rocky area, with a pool at the top of the pond below the tidal and high tide line, with a valve at the lowest point of the pool to facilitate discharge of water. Two to three layers of stones are laid at the bottom of the pool as sea cucumber reefs. The seedling size is suitable for a body length of 1 cm or more, and the time is September of the same year. This can be as long as 4-7 cm during the severe winter period, and it is quite cold-resistant. It is better if young ginseng grown in the middle of the spring can be used. Delivery method: Put 1cm young juveniles into the mesh bag, and put small stones into the bag to prevent the mesh bag from floating. The mesh bag is halved so that the seedlings can climb freely. Large-scale seedlings can be directly input. The density can be controlled under 30 heads per square meter, and it would be better if it can be combined with abalone. (2) Transformation of shrimp pond culture: Choose a pool with a hard bottom, lay stones at the bottom, or use a tile to make a certain shape of sea cucumber reef. Feed some algae properly during cultivation. (3) Submarine fixed cage culture: The method is the same as the method of bred in the middle of a fixed submarine cage. Attention should be paid to removing the sundries on the net. (4) Seine culture: The sea area must absolutely avoid the influence of large wind waves. The bottom layer is a sand and mud bottom where large algae grow. Fourth, proliferation of sea cucumber Proliferation zone selection: At the bottom of rocks or at the bottom of sand and mud where large algae live, it is best to avoid large waves and the water quality is fertile. 2. Proliferation method: (1) Releasing seedlings specifications: The seedlings should be no less than 1cm in size, and it is best to bred the juveniles in the middle. (2) Releasing method: Large-scale seedlings can be directly introduced. Small-sized seedlings can be placed in a 505030 cm cage, sinking to the bottom of the sea, and then opening the bottom of the cage to allow the climber to climb freely. (3) Harvesting: Generally, it takes about 2 years after discharge to start collecting commodity ginseng. At the same time, a certain number of sea cucumbers are properly released each year. The harvest season is generally spring (before and after Qingming to early June) and autumn (from October to small snow or Heavy snow).
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