July and August are the hot and rainy seasons. The fruit trees are at the peak of summer growth. With the increase of rain, the autumn shoots are prosperous and the fruits are rapidly expanding. There are five main orchard management measures in this period: one is to cut the tree potential in the summer; the other is to speed up the scientific and rational fertilizer in the long-term; the third is to spray the foliar fertilizer to supplement the nutrients in the tree; and the fourth is to control the pests and diseases, especially for the bagged fruits. Strictly prevent leaf diseases and damage pests on branches and leaves; Fifth, prevent and remedy natural disasters. The main technical measures adopted by different tree species are now described as follows: Apple continues to prune in the summer, removing or reducing the dense branches and cross branches. The result of a large amount of trees to carry out the top branches, hanging branches, in order to prevent the split fracture. To control the growth of flower tree buds and to promote flower bud formation, from the beginning of July (that is, the initial stage of autumn shoot growth), every 10-15 days, spray the PBO 200 times of eucommia paclobutrazol 150-200 times 2 - 3 times to control the growth of a little longer, to promote flower buds full. Foliar spray fertilizer. The leaf fertilizer with good effect has odd amino amino acid fertilizer and Tianda 2116. It can be mixed with most of the 100 basic pesticides and fungicides and sprayed at least twice. The interval time is about 10 days. Under the tree, topdressing, generally according to each fruit-producing fruit 2-3 kg of fruit tree special fertilizer. For medium-maturing varieties, we must do a good job of preventing fruit drop before harvest. From late July, spray 30-40ppm of naphthylacetate solution. When there is a large amount of rainfall, drain it in time to prevent fruit trees from being soaked in water for a long time. At the onset of the rainy season, under the canopy of the tree can be applied to the powdery straw, wheat straw or wheat bran, or covered under the tree (note that the pressure of fire protection). Weedy orchards can be chemically weeded in early July. Spraying 10% glyphosate 0.5 kg per mu and 30-40 kg water can be used to increase efficacy when sprayed with a small amount of detergent. When spraying herbicides, care should be taken not to spray on the leaves and fruits of fruit trees to avoid phytotoxicity. In addition, in recent years, brown spot has been severely occurring in the apple orchard of Zhongnannan, and benzidin, sterilizing, strong ringworm and other systemic fungicide can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture. This period is also a season prone to hail, after the hail attack, first remove the rotten fruit can not be retained, spray fungicide and foliar spray in a timely manner to prevent fruit wounds increase the supply of nutrients, promote wound healing. The second is the damaged parts of the branches damaged by the hail. Remove the skins and break the skin. Then apply 20-30 times of Guokangbao to apply the brush. You can also apply fruit fuling ointment to protect the wound. Pear continues to be pruned in the summer. The sapling period is mainly composed of pruning branches and opening angles to promote the formation of flower buds; the result is to eliminate excessively dense cross branches and drooping branches and to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. For over-Wang tree or over-Wang branch, ring cutting and ring cutting can be used to control the growth potential and transform it into a result branch. From July onwards, foliar spray fertilizer is applied. Generally, 0.3-0.5% urea plus 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture is sprayed. After harvesting the pear fruits of the early maturing varieties, a foliar spray fertilizer should be applied in time to increase the nutrition of the trees. July is a large-year tree with a rapid expansion of late-ripe pear fruit and a large amount of fruit. This top-dressing helps fruit enlargement and increases the proportion of one or two fruits; it can regulate the competition between fruit and flower bud differentiation on nutrients, and reduce the size of years. . This top dressing is made up of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers. Rough trees with low yields may not be chased, and the amount will vary from tree to tree. Special emphasis should be given to bagging pears with the help of internal pest monitoring. Pear yellow mealworms and whitefly mealworms are currently serious pests in the Zhongyannan pear area. From the beginning of July, a sampling inspection will be conducted once every 7-10 days. When it is found that more than 5% of the pests are in the bag, the bottom of the bag will be opened, and the pesticides such as the spraying period and the yellow powder will be prevented and prevented; the bagged fruit can still be kept clean. When the hazard rate is more than 20%, the bag should be taken out of control and then replaced. In the orchard with severe scab or rosy ring disease, it is first sprayed with systemic fungicide (such as Xiansheng, Fuxing, etc.) for treatment, and then alternated with Bordeaux mixture. Pear tree management other issues such as the rainy season drainage, cave water storage, chemical weeding and other content can refer to Apple.
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