The female rabbit, especially the long-haired and colored variety, plays a central role in any rabbit breeding program. Proper feeding and management are essential to ensure her health, reproductive success, and overall productivity. Scientific care must be tailored to her physiological condition during different stages: the non-pregnant (empty) phase, pregnancy, and lactation.
During the empty period, which occurs after weaning and before re-breeding, the female rabbit has expended a lot of energy through nursing. As a result, she is often weak and needs proper nutrition to regain strength. In the first half of the mating period, feed should meet high nutritional standards to support her body's recovery. Encouraging moderate exercise and sunbathing can also help improve metabolism and promote better physical condition.
When the female is pregnant, her nutritional needs increase significantly. A pregnancy test should be conducted 8–10 days after mating. During this time, the mother not only maintains her own life functions but also supports the growth of the fetus, uterine development, and mammary gland preparation. To ensure healthy fetal development, full-nutrient feed must be provided throughout the pregnancy. In the later stages, more protein, minerals, and vitamins are required, while reducing concentrate feed three days before birth and increasing green forage.
Prenatal preparations are crucial. The nest box should be placed in the farrowing area 3–4 days before birth and moved into the cage 1–2 days prior so the mother can build a nest. Cleanliness is key—disinfect the litter box, provide clean water with a small amount of salt, and ensure the environment is calm and stress-free.
Preventing abortion is a major focus during pregnancy. Abortion commonly occurs between 15–20 days of gestation. To reduce this risk, avoid overcrowding, unnecessary handling, and maintain a quiet, clean environment. Feed and water must be fresh and free from contamination.
Postnatal care is equally important. After giving birth, the nest box should be cleaned regularly to remove soiled bedding and dead kits. Keeping the cage dry and clean helps prevent disease. All equipment should be washed and maintained properly.
Lactating females require special attention. They can produce 60–150 mL of milk daily, sometimes up to 300 mL. This high output demands a diet rich in nutrients, freshness, and palatability. The feed quantity should increase as the kits grow, and plenty of clean water must always be available. The quality of the milk directly affects the survival and growth of the young. Since rabbit milk is highly nutritious—containing about three times the protein and fat of cow or goat milk—it’s essential to ensure the mother receives optimal nutrition. Regular checks on the mother’s udders and nipples are necessary to detect and treat any issues early.
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