Winter orchard and tea garden management is a crucial step to ensure healthy growth and high yields in the next season. After a year of producing specialty crops, plants consume a lot of nutrients and enter dormancy during winter. It's essential to replenish these nutrients promptly to restore tree vitality and prepare for the next growing season.
First, focus on applying fertilizers after harvest. For citrus orchards, it's recommended to use Yangfei (a type of organic fertilizer) early. Apply it immediately after fruit picking using organic fertilizers combined with quick-release ones. Dig trenches about 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide, and apply 2,000–3,000 kg of straw or 2.5 kg of dry cake per plant, along with 3–4 kg of chicken manure. Additionally, apply 1.5–2 kg of No.1 loam fertilizer per plant. For tea gardens, stop fertilizing once harvesting stops and apply 300 kg of cake fertilizer per mu, along with 80–100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate or 300 kg of specialized tea fertilizer.
Second, properly prune citrus and tea plants. Tea gardens should undergo light pruning and open up air vents between rows. Low mountain tea areas should be completed by mid-November, while high mountain areas need to finish by the end of October. Delaying pruning can lead to frost damage and affect the next year’s yield. After fruit harvest, citrus trees should be pruned to remove dry, weak, overlapping, and cross branches. Large branches should be sparsely removed to improve air circulation and light penetration, reduce pests and diseases, and promote flower bud formation.
Third, conduct thorough disinfection in winter. Clearing the garden is one of the most effective ways to reduce pest populations for the following year. Proper disinfection can significantly lower insect numbers, reduce pesticide use, and improve crop quality. In citrus orchards, apply 0.8–1 degree of Limestone Sulfur Mixture, 150-fold Lv Ying, or 60 times engine oil emulsion. For tea gardens, use 150–200 times diluted crystal lime sulfur or 0.5-degree lime sulfur solution for comprehensive disinfection.
Finally, perform deep plowing of the orchard and tea garden. This helps improve soil aeration, water permeability, and loosen the soil structure, while also killing overwintering pests. The depth of plowing should be around 20–25 cm, and at least 90% of the special crop area should be deeply turned. This practice ensures healthier soil and better root development for the next growing season.
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