Bovine sex control technology plays a vital role in modern cattle breeding, especially when the goal is to increase the number of female calves. This is because female cows are more valuable for milk production and breeding purposes. To achieve this, scientists have developed various techniques to manipulate the reproductive environment of cows, such as adjusting the vaginal pH levels to favor the survival of X-chromosome-bearing sperm, which leads to female offspring. These methods are part of broader bovine sex control technologies that allow breeders to influence the gender of the calves according to their needs, thereby improving the economic efficiency of cattle farming.
In addition to sex control, increasing the rate of multiple births—especially twins—is another key objective in cattle production. Naturally, the twin birth rate in cattle is quite low, ranging from 0.29% to 3.5%. To boost fertility and reduce costs, farmers often turn to artificial methods to induce twin pregnancies. The most common approaches include genetic selection, exogenous hormone treatment, and embryo transfer. Among these, embryo transfer is considered the most effective method.
The embryo transfer technique involves placing two embryos into the uterine horns of a cow approximately six to seven days after estrus. This procedure significantly increases the chances of twin births and is widely regarded as the best practice for achieving multiple births. When combined with artificial insemination, this method becomes even more efficient. By performing artificial insemination and then transferring two embryos into the uterus at the right time, farmers can enhance the likelihood of twin calving, thus improving breeding efficiency and profitability.
These advanced reproductive technologies not only help meet the growing demand for dairy and beef but also support sustainable livestock management by optimizing resource use and reducing the need for excessive breeding stock.
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