Release date: 2017-08-29
Recently, Science published an important achievement of Swedish scientists - the world's first cancer case map "Atlas", which links thousands of specific cancer-related genes to patient survival and unearths 32 types of cancer-free Classified, but "public" genes associated with 80% of human cancers, can serve as a precise target for the development of potential new drugs.
At the same time, this outcome will help doctors predict future cancer treatments: through existing data, genome-wide personal metabolic models can be established, allowing researchers to predict tumor development and propose targeted treatments The program improves the patient's prognosis and prolongs the patient's survival time. Therefore, this map is considered to be an important promoter of the revolutionary improvement of cancer clinical practice. It is reported that Atlas map data is free to the public (), and sharing will provide more reference data for other researchers.
It is also known that the Atlas project is led by Professor Mather Aherey from the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, and also serves as the president of the European Biotechnology Federation, which led the research team to use supercomputers to analyze 17 of the 8,000 tumor samples. A major type of human cancer, and using RNA sequencing methods to understand the changes in genes that are affected by cancer, and actively seek "genetic changes in the genome caused by genetic mutations. 
The researchers identified more than 2,000 genes that inhibit tumor growth, but most gene-targeted drugs simultaneously produce strong side effects. After screening, it was found that 32 genes exist in more than 80% of tumor samples, and they are not related to the specific type of cancer, they can be used as targets for new drug development.
In addition, depending on the type of tumor and the location of the tumor, the researchers also found that more than 2,000 genes have different effects on the “prognosis†such as patient survival, and they further divide these “prognosis†genes into “pro-prognosis†and “noâ€. There are two types of prognosis, and there are only a handful of studies on the "prognosis" genes.
Matheres Aherey said: The results of the trial showed that the expression of most cancer protein-coding genes is different, and in many cases, has a great impact on the survival rate of patients, according to systematic biological analysis. The gene expression of individual tumors in a given cancer varies widely and may exceed the observed changes between different cancer types. However, the general prognosis genes required for clinical outcomes are not applicable to all cancers, and the data in the Atlas map allows us to Cancer patients generate personalized genomic metabolic models to identify key genes involved in tumor growth. In addition, we explored tissue-specific genes associated with dedifferentiation of tumor cells and the role of specific cancer antigens across the genome.
Most scholars have made a high evaluation of the Atlas map, which is believed to promote clinical precision medicine , especially the knowledge of the gene part, which is crucial for the development of special effects drugs and broad-spectrum drugs. In addition, the map It also allows doctors to experiment with patient clinical data to make precise interventions for medication or surgery, while knowledge about survival allows doctors to give individualized lifestyle guidance to different patients.
However, some scholars are cautious about the map and believe that the map does not give the doctor a clear answer.
Source: Medical Valley
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